Golang implements voice chat-Golang-php.cn

With the continuous advancement of technology, voice communication has become an indispensable part of people's lives. Today, voice chat has become one of the most common communication methods on the Internet. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate voice chat functionality into the application so that users can easily communicate via voice. Golang is a very excellent programming language. It has the characteristics of efficiency, speed and reliability, so using golang to implement the voice chat function will be a very good choice. In this article, we will introduce how to use golang to implement voice chat function.

1. Environment Settings

Before starting to implement the voice chat function, you need to install the golang language development environment on your computer. After installation, you need to use the go get command to install some voice-related libraries, including:

github.com/gordonklaus/portaudio: PortAudio audio library
github.com/faiface /beep：beep audio library
github.com/faiface/gui：gui user interface library
github.com/gordonklaus/audiowaveform：Waveform waveform library

These libraries can be quickly installed using the go get command. For example, the command go get github.com/gordonklaus/portaudio can install the PortAudio audio library.

2. Implementation process

After the environment setting is completed, the next step is the specific process of implementing the voice chat function. First, you need to create a client and a server so that users can communicate with each other. After the connection is established, the client will be able to send audio data to the server, which will receive it and forward it to other clients. Then, other clients can receive the audio data from the client and play it.

Create Server

The first step to create a server is to start the HTTP service and create a WebSocket connection. The code is as follows:

func main() {

    // 1. 启动HTTP服务
    http.HandleFunc("/", handleWebsocket)
    go http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
    
}

func handleWebsocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {

    // 2. 创建WebSocket连接
    ws, err := websocket.Upgrade(w, r, nil, 1024, 1024)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    
    // 3. 处理音频数据传输
    for {
        msgType, msg, err := ws.ReadMessage()
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatal(err)
        }
        ws.WriteMessage(msgType, msg)
    }
    
}

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In the above In the code, an HTTP service is first started and listened on port 8080. Next, a WebSocket connection is created in the handleWebsocket function, which will be called every time a request is sent to the server. Finally, to handle the transmission of audio data, some simple WebSocket read and write operations are used.

Create client

The first step to create a client is to join the server, the code is as follows:

func main() {

    // ...启动HTTP服务

    // 1. 创建WebSocket连接
    conn, _, err := websocket.DefaultDialer.Dial("ws://localhost:8080", nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    // 2. 加入服务器
    message := []byte("join")
    conn.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, message)

    // 3. 处理音频数据传输
    for {
        _, message, err := conn.ReadMessage()
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatal(err)
        }
        // 处理接收到的音频数据
        // ...
    }

}

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In the above code , first create a WebSocket connection using the DefaultDialer.Dial function and link it to the server. Next, the client uses a simple join message to tell the server that the client has joined the chat room. Finally, the client will loop to read the audio data sent by the server and process the data.

Record and play audio

The next step is the most critical step, record and play audio. Golang uses the beep audio library for audio processing, which provides a large number of audio processors and effects. Here is a code example of how to record audio using the library:

func main() {

    // ...创建WebSocket连接并加入服务器

    // 1. 配置recorder
    format := beep.Format{
        SampleRate:  44100, //采样率
        NumChannels: 1,     //通道数
        Precision:   2,     //数据精度
    }
    speaker.Init(format.SampleRate, format.SampleRate.N(time.Second/10))

    streamer := &audioStreamer{}
    streamer.buf = new(bytes.Buffer)
    streamer.stream = beep.NewMixedStreamer(beep.StreamerFunc(streamer.Sample), beep.Callback(func() {}))

    resampler, err := resample.New(resample.SincMediumQuality, streamer.stream, streamer)

    // 2. 创建recorder
    stream, format, err := portaudio.OpenDefaultStream(1, 0, format.SampleRate, 0, resampler.Process)

    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    // 3. 启动recorder
    err = stream.Start()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    // 4. 启动播放器
    speaker.Play(beep.Seq(streamer, beep.Callback(func() {})))

    // 5. 处理音频数据传输
    for {
        _, message, err := conn.ReadMessage()
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatal(err)
        }
        // 处理接收到的音频数据
        // ...
    }

}

type audioStreamer struct {
    buf    *bytes.Buffer
    stream beep.Streamer
}

func (a *audioStreamer) Stream(samples [][2]float64) (n int, ok bool) {
    d := make([]byte, len(samples)*4)
    if a.buf.Len() >= len(d) {
        a.buf.Read(d)
        ok = true
    }

    for i, s := range samples {
        s[0] = float64(int16(binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(d[i*4 : i*4+2]))) / 0x8000
    }
    n = len(samples)
    return
}

func (a *audioStreamer) Err() error {
    return nil
}

func (a *audioStreamer) Sample(samples [][2]float64) (n int, ok bool) {
    n, ok = a.stream.Stream(samples)
    a.buf.Write(make([]byte, n*4))
    for i, s := range samples[:n] {
        x := int16(s[0] * 0x8000)
        binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(a.buf.Bytes()[i*4:i*4+2], uint16(x))
    }
    return
}

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In the above code, a beep audio stream is first created, and an audio input stream is created using the portaudio library, which will start from the default Get audio input from the audio input device. Next, use the resample library to resample the audio data obtained from the input stream to adapt to the audio sample rate used during playback. Finally, use the speaker library to start the player, which will buffer and play the audio data. Read the audio data in a loop and write it to the audio stream using the Sample function.

Send the audio data to the server

Next, you will use the WriteMessage function to send the recorded audio data to the server, and divide the data into multiple parts, each part Sent to other clients respectively.

func main() {

    // ...录制音频并加入服务器

    // 1. 将音频数据分包（长度为4096）
    packSize := 4096
    maxPackCount := len(buf) / packSize
    for i := 0; i < maxPackCount+1; i++ {
        n := i * packSize
        l := min(len(buf)-n, packSize)
        if l > 0 {
            bufToWrite := buf[n : n+l]
            conn.WriteMessage(websocket.BinaryMessage, bufToWrite)
        }
    }

}

func min(a, b int) int {
    if a < b {
        return a
    }
    return b
}

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In the above code, first divide the audio data in the buf variable into multiple parts, and the length of each part is 4096. Then, each piece of audio data is sent to other clients separately.

At this point, a simple voice chat program has been completed. However, if you want to make this program more complete and stable, more detailed debugging and testing are required. However, using golang to implement voice chat function is an interesting and worth trying learning project, and the above code sample can provide some basic reference for beginners.

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