How to adjust rpc in golang

Golang is a very popular programming language. It is loved by developers for its high efficiency, high concurrency and easy-to-learn features. RPC (Remote Procedure Call) is an indispensable technology in implementing distributed systems, and Golang also has good support for the implementation of RPC. In this article, we will introduce how to make RPC calls and analyze the calling process in Golang.

What is RPC?

First of all, we need to understand what RPC is. RPC is a network communication protocol that allows a program to call a subroutine on another program without knowing the underlying network details. In layman's terms, it means calling the remote service just like calling a local function, and the RPC framework will encapsulate all the serialization and deserialization work of the request and response. RPC is usually implemented using the transport layer protocol TCP or UDP to support reliable transmission of data and naming services between terminals.

How to call RPC in Golang

In Golang, we can use the net/rpc package in the standard library to implement RPC calls. First, we need to define the service interface and methods of RPC, for example:

type MathService struct {
}

func (m *MathService) Add(args *[]int, reply *int) error {
    sum := 0
    for _, value := range *args {
        sum += value
    }
    *reply = sum
    return nil
}

In this example, we define a MathService service, in which the Add method is used to calculate the sum of all integers in the parameters and return the result to the caller. The first parameter of the method is an integer slice pointer, and the second parameter is an integer pointer used to store the return result of the method. The return value of the method is an error type, used to indicate whether the method execution is successful.

Next, we need to register the service on the RPC server and start the server:

mathService := new(MathService)
rpc.Register(mathService)
listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":8888")
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal("Listen error: ", err)
}
rpc.Accept(listener)

In this example, we register the MathService service on the RPC server and specify the listening port The number is 8888. After starting the server, we can communicate with it remotely by calling the rpc.Dial() method:

client, err := rpc.Dial("tcp", "localhost:8888")
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal("Dial error: ", err)
}

After obtaining the RPC client, we can call the method defined by the server:

args := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
var reply int
err = client.Call("MathService.Add", &args, &reply)
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal("Call error: ", err)
}
fmt.Println("result:", reply)

In this example, we define a set of parameter args, which will be used as input parameters of the Add method. We use the client.Call() method to call the Add method on the server side and pass the input parameters and output parameters to it. If the call is successful, the method will return nil; otherwise, an error object representing the error message will be returned. Finally, we print the return value of the method, which is the sum of the integers.

RPC call process analysis

When making RPC calls, we need to understand the basic principles of RPC calls. When we call the RPC service, the client will send the request to the RPC server, and the RPC framework will serialize the request into binary data and send it to the server. After the server receives the request, it deserializes the data into function parameters and executes the function, and serializes the function execution result into binary data and sends it back to the client. After receiving the response from the server, the client deserializes the data into the function return value.

In this process, serialization and deserialization operations are required. Serialization generally uses JSON, Protobuf and other formats, and the client and server need to use the same serialization format. When making RPC calls, the client and server also need to perform the same serialization operation to ensure the correctness of the binary data.

In addition, when making an RPC call, the remote service and method name to be called need to be clear, which is usually passed as part of the call parameters. In addition, the server also needs to register the RPC service and listen to the corresponding port number to receive requests from the client.

Summary

In this article, we introduced the basic method of calling RPC in Golang and the analysis of the calling process. RPC is a very important distributed system technology. Golang's standard library supports RPC very well, making it very simple to implement RPC calls. At the same time, we also need to pay attention to the serialization and deserialization issues during the RPC call process, as well as the registration and monitoring operations of the server. If you want to have a deeper understanding of how to use RPC in Golang, it is recommended that you further read the net/rpc package documentation in Golang.

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