Design common methods in golang

As more and more developers become interested in the Go language, more and more people are using this efficient and convenient programming language. Some commonly used Go language libraries and frameworks have also received more and more attention, such as Gin, Echo, gRPC, etc.

However, for developers who want to write common methods in Go, these frameworks and libraries are not always applicable when writing common APIs. However, this doesn’t mean you can’t write your own generic methods to increase code reusability and improve development efficiency.

In this article, we will introduce some basic methods to design common functions and methods. We will discuss the following topics:

1. How to define common functions and methods
2. How to use interfaces of the Go language
3. Sample code

How to define universal functions and methods

Defining universal functions and methods should be based on two principles: consistency of input and output.

Input consistency means that the input parameter type and number need to have the same behavior in different scenarios, while output consistency means that the output results should be the same. Both of these points are very important because they both increase the reusability of your code and the predictability of your code.

Here are some ways to increase the reusability and predictability of your code:

1. Restrict function parameters and return types to basic data types and predefined types. This avoids unexpected precedence and order of operations and makes the function easier to understand and use.
2. Make function parameters and return types account for null values. If the parameters of the function can be null, you need to consider the possibility of null values. If a function's return value may be null, this needs to be pointed out in the function signature.
3. Consider function behavior and error handling. Handling errors and exceptions well in your code, as well as defining the behavior of your function, can make your function's behavior more predictable.

How to use the interface of Go language

Interface is a type used to describe the communication method between objects. In Go, an interface is a set of function signatures that define the behavior of an object. By defining an interface, we can define common functions and methods between different objects, and these functions and methods can be used in different objects by following the interface convention.

Using interfaces in Go language has the following benefits:

1. Supports different implementations. By defining a public interface, we can support different implementations. This makes components easier to reuse and more flexible.
2. Explicit constraints are provided. Interfaces allow us to explicitly specify the behavior and constraints of an object, which improves code reusability and reduces the risk of code errors.
3. Enhance the testability of the code. With interfaces, we can define mocking the expected interface, which allows us to test the correctness of our code rather than its actual execution.

The following is a practical example showing how to use interfaces to define common methods:

type User interface {
  GetName() string
  GetAge() int
}

func printUser(u User) {
  fmt.Printf("Name: %s, Age: %d", u.GetName(), u.GetAge())
}

In this code, we define an interface named User, which There are two methods: GetName and GetAge.

Then we wrote a function called printUser, which receives a parameter of User interface type. This function will uniformly call the methods of the interface, because this interface is expressed by all User objects that implement the same behavior.

This example illustrates how to define a common method by using the Go language interface.

Sample code

The following is a sample code that uses the Go language interface to define a general Logging API:

type Logger interface {
  Log(message string)
}

func LogMessage(logger Logger, message string) {
  logger.Log(message)
}

In this example, we define a The interface named Logger has a method Log, which is used to log messages. We also define another function LogMessage, which receives a parameter logger of type Logger, and a parameter message of string type. It defines a common Logging API between different objects and can be called by following the Logger interface.

Next we can define a specific log implementation to implement the Log method. The sample code is as follows:

type ConsoleLogger struct{}

func (r ConsoleLogger) Log(message string) {
  fmt.Println(message)
}

type FileLogger struct {
  file *os.File
}

func (r FileLogger) Log(message string) {
  r.file.WriteString(message)
}

We see that the corresponding ConsoleLogger and FileLogger implement the Log method, which meets the interface convention of the Logging API, so as to realize the development of general functions.

Conclusion

The Go language is a language that is very suitable for writing efficient and reusable code. In this article, we discussed how to define common functions and methods, and introduced how to use Go language interfaces to implement common API writing. We also provide sample code to help understand the process. To increase code reusability and improve development efficiency, you can apply these introduced methods to write your own universal API.

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