golang dto conversion

In the Go language, Data Transfer Object (DTO) is a very common pattern. It is widely used in web development to perform class conversion between requests and responses. Although Go language is a type-safe language, we need to perform type conversion when dealing with JSON and other external data formats. In this article, we will look at how to handle DTO conversions in Go language.

DTO Background

Data Transfer Object (DTO) is a design pattern used to encapsulate the data that needs to be transferred in an object. It can simplify complex objects, making applications simpler and easier to maintain. It can separate business objects from technical implementation and increase the security and flexibility of the program.

Business objects usually have a structure that is mapped to the database, but for certain operations, such as updates or queries, only part of the object is passed. This is where DTO comes into play. They simplify objects and reduce the amount of data passed to the client or server. It also ensures correct data type conversion from client to server.

Using Go for DTO conversion

To use DTO conversion in Go, the corresponding data structure must be created, loaded and processed. Below we will build an example to demonstrate how to use DTO conversion.

First, we will create two data structures. Represents the structure of the user (User) and the DTO (UserDTO). In this example, we assume that the client sends a JSON containing the username and age:

type User struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

type UserDTO struct {
    Name string
    Age  string
}

We can see that the age in the UserDTO is a string, because the value returned to or received from the client Age must be in string format.

Next, we will create a function that converts a structure of type User to a structure of type UserDTO:

func ConvertToDTO(user User) UserDTO {
    return UserDTO{
        Name: user.Name,
        Age:  strconv.Itoa(user.Age), // int to string
    }
}

This function simply creates a new UserDTO structure, copying the Name attribute And convert the Age property to a string. We used the strconv.Itoa library to do this.

If you use a web framework such as Echo or Gin, you can use this feature when handling API requests.

To demonstrate how to convert UserDTO back to User structure, we will create a reverse function ConvertToUser:

func ConvertToUser(userDto UserDTO) User {
    age, _ := strconv.Atoi(userDto.Age) // string to int
    return User{
        Name: userDto.Name,
        Age:  age,
    }
}

This function performs reverse conversion, that is, converts UserDTO structure into User structure. It converts the age attribute from string to integer again.

Now that we have completed the conversion of the DTO, we can use these functions. We test it using the following code:

func main() {
    user := User{
        Name: "Alice",
        Age:  25,
    }

    userDto := ConvertToDTO(user)

    fmt.Println(userDto.Name, userDto.Age)

    user2 := ConvertToUser(userDto)

    fmt.Println(user2.Name, user2.Age)
}

In this example, we create a user named Alice with age 25. We convert it to a DTO and then convert it back to the User type.

Here is the final output:

Alice 25
Alice 25

You have now completed the process of DTO conversion using Go!

Conclusion

Data Transfer Object (DTO) is a popular design pattern that is used to encapsulate the data that needs to be transferred in an object. When we need to process external data formats in Go language, such as JSON or XML, we need to perform data type conversion. In this article, we looked at DTO conversion using Go and demonstrated how to convert data to a specified DTO type. I hope this article can help you better handle DTO conversion in future development.

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