Table of Contents
一、.bashrc 是什么?
二、.bashrc 能干什么?
三、.bashrc 怎么用?
四、.bashrc 没了怎么办?

How to use linux bashrc

May 13, 2023 pm 12:34 PM
linux bashrc

在linux中,bashrc是home目录下的一个shell文件,用于储存用户的个性化设置。在bash每次启动时都会加载bashrc文件中的内容,并根据内容定制当前bash的配置和环境。bashrc的作用:1、可以在利用命名函数alias定制需要的指令;2、设定环境路径;3、提示符设置。

一、.bashrc 是什么?

.bashrc是home目录下的一个shell文件,用于储存用户的个性化设置。在bash每次启动时都会加载.bashrc文件中的内容,并根据内容定制当前bash的配置和环境。

补充.bash_profile.bashrc的区别?
两者在登陆bash时都会被bash执行,但是.bash_profile只在会话开始时被读取,而.bashrc在每次打开新的终端时都会被读取。

二、.bashrc 能干什么?

1.个性化指令

alias ll = "ls -lha"
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2.设定环境路径

PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME"
export PATH
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3.提示符设置

PS1=”[\u: \w]$”
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三、.bashrc 怎么用?

可以用任何终端文本编辑器打开.bashrc。以vim为例:

vim ~/.bashrc
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编辑.bashrc需要遵循bash脚本格式,

1、个性化指令

打开.bashrc后,可以在利用命名函数alias定制需要的指令,如

#用 ll 代替 ls -lha 这个命令,在此bash下输入命令 ll 等
#同于输入 ls -lha 命令
alias ll = "ls -lha"
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除了缩短命名,也可以用bash函数组合多个命令到一个操作,这些命令大多遵循以下语法。

语法一:

function function_name {
    command1
    <^>command2</^>
}
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语法二:

function_name () {
 command_1
 command_2
}
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语法三

function_name () { command1; command2; }
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下面的命令组合了mkdircd命令,输入md folder_name不仅可以在你的工作目录创建一个名为"folder_name"的目录且进入其中,代码如下:

md () {
  mkdir -p $1
  cd $1 
}
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也可写成:

md () {  mkdir -p $1; cd $1; }
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2、路径设置

每次export路径太麻烦,把路径加入到.bashrc是一个一劳永逸的方法,常见的设置语法如下:

#软件名-版本号
#语法一
PATH=$PATH:路径
export PATH

#语法二
export PATH=$PATH:路径
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上述语法可以理解为,在原来PATH的后面继续添加了新的路径,在运行特定指令时,系统会逐个位置去寻找文件。 $PATH 表示原先设定的路径,不能遗漏。不同于DOS/Windows,Unix类系统的环境变量的路径用冒号:分割,而不是分号;。为避免环境变量过多产生混乱,建议所有语句都添加在文件结尾,并添加注释。

所有环境变量名都是大写,Linux区分大小写

你对 .bashrc 所做的任何修改将在下一次启动终端时生效。如果你想立刻生效的话,运行下面的命令:

source ~/.bashrc
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四、.bashrc 没了怎么办?

首先,首先,首先,.bashrc可以删除,但是删除不存在任何好处。
如果用户删除了.bashrc,可以从如下路径拷贝一份原始的.bashrc文件到用户home目录下

cp /etc/skel/.bashrc ~/
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