How to implement nginx multi-domain forwarding

Basic concepts

DNS

DNS is the abbreviation of Domain Name System, which is the domain name system. DNS is a service on the Internet, generally called domain name service or domain name resolution service. It mainly provides services for converting website domain names and IP addresses.

Correspondence between domain names and IP

There is a one-to-one correspondence between domain names and IP addresses, but multiple domain names can correspond to the same IP address. Just like the relationship between a person's name and their ID number, it is obviously much easier to remember a person's name than their ID number. An IP address is a numerical address that identifies a user's site on the Internet. To make it easier to remember, domain names are used instead of IP addresses to represent site addresses. DNS resolves domain names into IP addresses so that they correspond one to one.

How DNS works

On the Internet, a domain name must be provided by two domain name servers to provide "authoritative" domain name resolution. If it is an international domain name, the domain name registration authority is Interinc. If it is a domestic domain name, the domain name registration authority is CNNIC. All domain names must be registered with two registration agencies in order to be used properly.

For example, if you want to visit a website now, such as www.baidu.com, your computer needs to know the IP address of this site before it can access it. So it will automatically send a query to the "master DNS" server in your area, that is, what is the IP of "www.baidu.com"? If there is no record of the domain name on the server, it will go to the upper level DNS to search and repeat until it is found. If it is still not found at the last level. At this time, it will search on the authoritative DNS, and then return the corresponding IP information to your computer. Your computer can communicate with the server corresponding to www.baidu.com. Such level-by-level queries are called "recursive" queries.

hosts file

The hosts file is a local system file without a suffix and requires administrator rights to modify its content. As can be seen from the above DNS resolution process, each DNS resolution may be forwarded by many DNS servers before the real IP address is finally obtained, which is very inefficient. So there is also a DNS resolution file locally on the computer, that is, the hosts file. When you point www.baidu.com in hosts to the correct Baidu server address, the computer will interact with the correct server. If the local hosts do not have a mapping relationship configured, then it will go to the DNS server on the LAN to find the corresponding mapping relationship. If it still doesn't exist, it will look for it in the DNS of the local corresponding node and repeat the steps mentioned above.

nginx reverse proxy

Proxy: In fact, it is an intermediary. A and B could have been directly connected, but C was added between A and B. Forward proxy

is the dns above. It acts as a proxy for the client, sends and receives requests for the client, and is transparent to the server. When I use a browser to access http://www.google.com, it is brutally blocked. So you can set up a proxy server abroad and ask the proxy to help me request google.com. The proxy will return the corresponding structure returned by the request. Give me.

Reverse proxy

is a function of nginx. It acts as a proxy for the server. It forwards requests for the server and is transparent to the client. When we request www.baidu.com, it's like dialing 10086. There may be thousands of servers serving us behind the scenes, but you don't know which one it is, and you don't need to know. You just need to know. It just matters who the reverse proxy server is. www.baidu.com is our reverse proxy server. The reverse proxy server will help us forward the request to the real server. Nginx is a reverse proxy server with very good performance, used for load balancing.

nginx adds hosts to do multiple domain name mapping

For example, the domain names of your two applications are a.test.com and b .test.com.

Find the hosts file in the C:WindowsSystem32driversetc directory and open it with super administrator privileges. Add

a.test.com 127.0.0.1
b.test.com 127.0.0.1

at the end of the file and modify the nginx.conf file (since nginx.conf has many configurations, here is just the simplest example) and add server inside {} of http. Add the following content:

server {
　　listen 80;
　　server_name a.test.com;   //填入自己项目对应的域名
　　charset utf-8;
　　error_log logs/error.log;
　　location / {
　　　　proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
　　　　proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
　　　　proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
　　　　proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
　　　　proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8888; //填入自己项目的ip加端口号(此处的项目没有工程上下文，只有端口号)
　　}
}

server {
　　listen 80;
　　server_name b.test.com;   //填入自己项目对应的域名
　　charset utf-8;
　　error_log logs/error.log;
　　location / {
　　　　proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
　　　　proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
　　　　proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
　　　　proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
　　　　proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8889; //填入自己项目的ip加端口号(此处的项目没有工程上下文，只有端口号)
　　}
}

After modification, reload the nginx configuration file

nginx.exe -s reload

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