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How to verify SpringBoot parameters

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Release: 2023-05-14 22:04:12
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    使用传统方式的弊端

    public String addUser(User user) {
         if (user == null || user.getId() == null || user.getAccount() == null || user.getPassword() == null || user.getEmail() == null) {
             return "对象或者对象字段不能为空";
         }
         if (StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getAccount()) || StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getPassword()) || StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getEmail())) {
             return "不能输入空字符串";
         }
         if (user.getAccount().length() < 6 || user.getAccount().length() > 11) {
             return "账号长度必须是6-11个字符";
         }
         if (user.getPassword().length() < 6 || user.getPassword().length() > 16) {
             return "密码长度必须是6-16个字符";
         }
         if (!Pattern.matches("^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+(\\.[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)+$", user.getEmail())) {
             return "邮箱格式不正确";
         }
         // 参数校验完毕后这里就写上业务逻辑
         return "success";
     }
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    这样做确实没有什么问题,而且排版也工整,但代码太繁琐了,如果有几十个字段要校验,那这个方法里面将会变得非常臃肿,实在不够优雅。下面我们就来讲讲如何使用最优雅的方式来解决。

    引入依赖

    <dependency>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
    </dependency>
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    注解说明

    注解说明
    @AssertFalse被注解的元素必须为 false
    @AssertTrue被注解的元素必须为 true
    @DecimalMax(value)被注解的元素必须是一个数字,其值必须小于等于指定的最大值
    @DecimalMin(value)被注解的元素必须是一个数字,其值必须大于等于指定的最小值
    @Digits (integer, fraction)被注解的元素必须是一个数字,其值必须在可接受的范围内
    @Null被注解的元素必须为空
    @NotNull被注解的元素必须不为空
    @Min(value)被注解的元素必须是一个数字,其值必须大于等于指定的最大值
    @Max(value)被注解的元素必须是一个数字,其值必须小于等于指定的最大值
    @Size(max, min)被注解的元素的长度必须在指定的范围内
    @Past被注解的元素必须是一个过去的日期
    @Future被注解的元素必须是一个未来的日期
    @Pattern(value)被注解的元素必须符合指定的正则表达式

    下面我们以此来在业务中实现

    一、对实体类进行校验

    1、entity

    @Data
    public class User {
        @NotNull(message = "用户id不能为空")
        private Long id;
        @NotNull(message = "用户账号不能为空")
        @Size(min = 6, max = 11, message = "账号长度必须是6-11个字符")
        private String account;
        @NotNull(message = "用户密码不能为空")
        @Size(min = 6, max = 11, message = "密码长度必须是6-16个字符")
        private String password;
        @NotNull(message = "用户邮箱不能为空")
        @Email(message = "邮箱格式不正确")
        private String email;
    }
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    2、controller

    @RestController
    public class UserController {
        @PostMapping("/addUser")
        public void addUser(@RequestBody @Valid User user) {
    		//业务
        }
    }
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    3、编写全局统一异常处理

    import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
    import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
    import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
    import java.util.stream.Collectors;
    /**
     * 全局异常处理
     *
     * @author master
     */
    @RestControllerAdvice
    public class ExceptionConfig {
        /**
         * 参数为实体类
         * @param e
         * @return
         */
        @ExceptionHandler(value = MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
        public String handleValidException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e) {
            // 从异常对象中拿到ObjectError对象
            ObjectError objectError = e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors().get(0);
            // 然后提取错误提示信息进行返回
            return objectError.getDefaultMessage();
        }
        /**
         * 参数为单个参数或多个参数
         * @param e
         * @return
         */
        @ExceptionHandler(value = ConstraintViolationException.class)
        public String handleConstraintViolationException(ConstraintViolationException e) {
            // 从异常对象中拿到ObjectError对象
            return e.getConstraintViolations()
                    .stream()
                    .map(ConstraintViolation::getMessage)
                	.collect(Collectors.toList()).get(0);
        }
    }
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    然后我们使用apipost测试

    How to verify SpringBoot parameters

    二、针对单个参数进行校验

    import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
    @RestController
    @Validated
    public class TestController {
        @GetMapping("/test")
        public void test(@NotNull(message = "id不能为空") Integer id) {
        }
    }
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    然后我们使用apipost测试

    How to verify SpringBoot parameters

    三、分组校验

    场景:在新增时我们需要id为空,但修改时我们又需要id不为空,总不可能搞两个类吧,这时候分组校验的用处就来了

    1、entity

    import lombok.Data;
    import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
    import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
    import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
    @Data
    public class User {
        public interface Insert{
        }
        public interface Update{
        }
        @NotNull(message = "用户id不能为空",groups = Update.class)
        @Null(message = "用户id必须为空",groups = Integer.class)
        private Long id;
        private String account;
        private String password;
        private String email;
    }
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    2、controller

    @PostMapping("/add")
    public void add(@RequestBody @Validated(User.Insert.class) User user) {
    }
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    添加时就用User.Insert.class,修改时就用User.Update.class

    四、自定义分组校验

    场景:当type为1时,需要参数a不为空,当type为2时,需要参数b不为空。

    1、entity

    import com.example.demo.provider.CustomSequenceProvider;
    import lombok.Data;
    import org.hibernate.validator.group.GroupSequenceProvider;
    import javax.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
    import javax.validation.constraints.Pattern;
    @Data
    @GroupSequenceProvider(value = CustomSequenceProvider.class)
    public class CustomGroup {
        /**
         * 类型
         */
        @Pattern(regexp = "[A|B]" , message = "类型不必须为 A|B")
        private String type;
        /**
         * 参数A
         */
        @NotEmpty(message = "参数A不能为空" , groups = {WhenTypeIsA.class})
        private String paramA;
        /**
         * 参数B
         */
        @NotEmpty(message = "参数B不能为空", groups = {WhenTypeIsB.class})
        private String paramB;
        /**
         * 分组A
         */
        public interface WhenTypeIsA {
        }
        /**
         * 分组B
         */
        public interface WhenTypeIsB {
        }
    }
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    2、CustomSequenceProvider

    import com.example.demo.controller.CustomGroup;
    import org.hibernate.validator.spi.group.DefaultGroupSequenceProvider;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    public class CustomSequenceProvider implements DefaultGroupSequenceProvider<CustomGroup> {
        @Override
        public List<Class<?>> getValidationGroups(CustomGroup form) {
            List<Class<?>> defaultGroupSequence = new ArrayList<>();
            defaultGroupSequence.add(CustomGroup.class);
            if (form != null && "A".equals(form.getType())) {
                defaultGroupSequence.add(CustomGroup.WhenTypeIsA.class);
            }
            if (form != null && "B".equals(form.getType())) {
                defaultGroupSequence.add(CustomGroup.WhenTypeIsB.class);
            }
            return defaultGroupSequence;
        }
    }
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    3、controller

    @PostMapping("/add")
    public void add(@RequestBody @Validated CustomGroup user) {
    }
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    五、自定义校验

    虽然官方提供的校验注解已经满足很多情况了,但还是无法满足我们业务的所有需求,比如校验手机号码,下面我就以校验手机号码来做一个示例。

    1、定义校验注解

    @Target({ElementType.FIELD})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Constraint(validatedBy = PhoneValidator.class)
    public @interface Phone {
        String message() default "手机号码格式有误";
        Class<?>[] groups() default {};
        Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
    }
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    注:groups和payload是必须要写的,Constraint是使用哪个类来进行校验。

    2、实现注解

    import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
    import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
    import java.util.regex.Pattern;
    /**
     * @author master
     */
    public class PhoneValidator implements ConstraintValidator<Phone, Object> {
        @Override
        public boolean isValid(Object telephone, ConstraintValidatorContext constraintValidatorContext) {
            String pattern = "^1[3|4|5|6|7|8|9]\\d{9}$";
            return Pattern.matches(pattern, telephone.toString());
        }
    }
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    最后直接用到参数前面或者实体类变量上面即可。

    六、嵌套校验

    当某个对象中还包含了对象需要进行校验,这个时候我们需要用嵌套校验。

    @Data
    public class TestAA {
        @NotEmpty(message = "id不能为空")
        private String id;
        @NotNull
        @Valid
        private Job job;
        @Data
        public class Job {
            @NotEmpty(message = "content不能为空")
            private String content;
        }
    }
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    七、快速失败

    Spring Validation默认会校验完所有字段,然后才抛出异常。可以通过配置,开启Fali Fast模式,一旦校验失败就立即返回。

    import org.hibernate.validator.HibernateValidator;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import javax.validation.Validation;
    import javax.validation.Validator;
    import javax.validation.ValidatorFactory;
    @Configuration
    public class FailFastConfig {
        @Bean
        public Validator validator() {
            ValidatorFactory validatorFactory = Validation.byProvider(HibernateValidator.class)
                    .configure()
                    // 快速失败模式
                    .failFast(true)
                    .buildValidatorFactory();
            return validatorFactory.getValidator();
        }
    }
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    注意事项

    SpringBoot 2.3.x 移除了validation依赖需要手动引入依赖。

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