golang changes file encoding

In the daily development process, we may encounter scenarios where we need to modify the file encoding, especially in Golang development. For some text files that need to be read or processed, if the encoding format is inconsistent with the program encoding, it will Problems such as garbled characters occur. So, how to use Golang to modify the file encoding? This article will introduce it to you in detail.

1. What is file encoding

Before understanding how to modify the file encoding, let’s first understand what file encoding is. File encoding is a way of mapping characters to binary numbers, for example: ASCII encoding maps each character to a 7-bit binary number. Unicode encoding uses longer binary numbers to be able to represent a larger character set.

In computers, files can be stored in different encoding methods. Common encoding methods include UTF-8, UTF-16, ANSI, etc. Because these encoding methods use different character sets, they will produce different results when reading and processing files. Therefore, when we need to process a file, we need to understand the encoding method used in the file itself.

2. The encoding method for reading files in Golang

In Golang, the default encoding method for reading files is UTF-8. When we use the Open() function in the os package to open a file, if the encoding method is not set, Golang will read it as UTF-8 encoding by default. For example:

file, err := os.Open("test.txt")

Here, the opened file test.txt will be read as UTF-8 encoding by default.

If we need to set up other encoding methods to read files, we need to use a third-party package, such as using github.com/axgle/mahonia to support GBK encoding. For example:

import (
   "github.com/axgle/mahonia"
   "io/ioutil"
   "os"
)

func main() {
   f, _ := os.Open("test.txt")
   defer f.Close()

   dec := mahonia.NewDecoder("gbk")//设置编码方式为gbk
   reader := dec.NewReader(f)

   b, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(reader)
   fmt.Println(string(b))
}

Here, use the NewDecoder() method in the mahonia package to set the encoding method to gbk, and then use the ReadAll() method to read the file content.

3. Use Golang to modify file encoding

If we want to modify the file encoding method, we can use the relevant methods in the io package provided by Golang to achieve this. Below, we use an example to demonstrate how to use Golang to modify the file encoding.

Suppose now we have a text file saved in GBK encoding under Windows system, and we need to convert it to UTF-8 encoding. First, we need to read the file, then convert it to UTF-8 encoded format, and re-write the converted content to the file.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "os"
    "path/filepath"

    "golang.org/x/text/encoding/simplifiedchinese"
    "golang.org/x/text/transform"
)

func main() {
    f, e := os.Open("test.txt")
    if e != nil {
        fmt.Println(e)
        return
    }
    defer f.Close()

    reader := transform.NewReader(f, simplifiedchinese.GBK.NewDecoder())
    content, err := ioutil.ReadAll(reader)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    dir, file := filepath.Split("test.txt")
    newFile := filepath.Join(dir, "new_"+file)

    fw, _ := os.Create(newFile)
    defer fw.Close()

    fw.Write(content)
}

Here, we first open the file test.txt that needs to be modified, and then use the GBK.NewDecoder() method in the simplifiedchinese package to decode it and convert it to UTF-8 encoded format. Then use the ioutil.ReadAll() method to read the file content.

Next, we write the converted content into a new file. Use the os.Create() method to create the file and the Write() method to write to it.

Finally, we can open the new file to verify whether the file encoding has been successfully changed to UTF-8.

Summary

This article introduces how to modify the file encoding in Golang. First, we understand what file encoding is and the default encoding for reading files in Golang. Subsequently, we demonstrated how to use Golang to modify the file encoding, and used an example to illustrate the specific steps.

In the actual development process, we may encounter various encoding formats according to different needs. Therefore, we need to choose different encoding methods for processing according to actual needs to ensure the normal operation of the program.

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