golang json escape characters

In golang, json is a commonly used data exchange format. It can easily serialize structured data into json format, and can also deserialize back to the original data type from json format data. In the process of using json, sometimes you need to escape some special characters to avoid errors in the json string. So, how to escape json characters in golang? This article will introduce it to you in detail.

json in golang

In golang, you can use the encoding/json package to process json data. This package provides Marshal and Unmarshal functions, which can convert any data type in golang into a json format string, and convert a json format string back to the original data type in golang. The following is a simple example:

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)

type Person struct {
    Name string `json:"name"`
    Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func main() {
    p := Person{
        Name: "Tom",
        Age:  20,
    }
    data, _ := json.Marshal(p)
    fmt.Println(string(data))

    var newPerson Person
    json.Unmarshal(data, &newPerson)
    fmt.Println(newPerson)
}

The output result is:

{"name":"Tom","age":20}
{Tom 20}

As you can see, by serializing the Person structure instance into a json format string, and then deserializing it and Restoring it to a new Person instance realizes the process of converting the golang data type into json format, and then converting it back to the golang data type in the opposite direction.

Escape characters in json strings

In json strings, some characters need to be escaped, otherwise syntax errors will occur. Common escape characters include:

##\bBackspace##\f\n\r\tIf you do not use escape characters in the json string, but directly write special characters such as double quotes into the string, the following error will appear:

Escape character	Meaning
\"	Double quotes
\	Backslash
/	Forward slash
Page change
Line feed
Enter
Horizontal tab character

{"name": "Tom", "introduction": "I'm a "programmer""}

In the above json string, the double quotation mark does not use an escape character after the last word "programmer", causing the json encoder to not recognize it correctly. this string. This error can be handled as follows:

{"name":"Tom","introduction":"I'm a "programmer""}

In the above string, the programmer has used double quotes (") to escape the double quotes in the last word, thereby avoiding the json encoder An error occurred.

Json escape character processing

In golang, you can use json.Marshal for json escape character processing. This function will escape any required characters, including basic escape characters and Unicode code points.

For example, if you need to convert the following structure:

type Person struct {
    Name   string `json:"name"`
    Gender string `json:"gender"`
}

into the following json format string:

{"name":"Tom","gender":"He said, "I'm the best!""}

, you can use the following code:

p := Person{
    Name:   "Tom",
    Gender: `He said, "I'm the best!"`,
}
data, _ := json.Marshal(p)
fmt.Println(string(data))

The output result is:

{"name":"Tom","gender":"He said, "I'm the best!""}

It can be seen that when using the json.Marshal function to serialize the p instance into a string in json format, the double quotes are automatically escaped to ", thereby avoiding json encoding Converter error.

In addition to common escape characters, the json.Marshal function provided by golang can also handle control characters and multi-byte characters. We can serialize structure data into characters in json format Before string, process the characters that need to be escaped:

p := Person{
    Name:   "Tom",
    Gender: `He said, "I'm the best!"`,
}

// 处理多字节字符
p.Gender = strings.Replace(p.Gender, "！", "\uff01", -1)

// 处理控制字符
p.Gender = strings.Replace(p.Gender, "
", "\u0001", -1)

data, _ := json.Marshal(p)
fmt.Println(string(data))

In the above code, first use the strings.Replace function in golang's standard library to replace the multi-byte characters in the string with the corresponding UTF-8 code point; then use the same method to replace the control characters in the string. Finally, use json.Marshal to serialize the p instance into a string in json format, and the output result is:

{"name":"Tom","gender":"He said, "I'm the best!\uff01""}

You can see that in the json string, we have escaped the characters that need to be escaped into the corresponding escape characters. This can avoid json encoder errors.

Summary

In golang, you can use the json.Marshal function to easily convert structure data into a json format string and automatically escape the characters that need to be escaped. This can avoid errors in the json string. The correctness of json data is guaranteed. When processing json data, other methods need to be used for conversion of multi-byte characters and control characters.

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