How does golang help Python?

With the development of computer science and the continuous advancement of technology, various programming languages ​​​​are also emerging. Among them, Python is a high-level programming language that is easy to learn, powerful, and widely applicable, and is very popular among many programmers. However, as business scenarios change, Python also appears to be insufficient in some situations. At this time, using Go language to connect with Python is a very good choice.

The Go language was born at Google. It is a programming language oriented to concurrency and fast compilation. In contrast, one of the pain points of Python is that when dealing with a large amount of concurrency, performance will decrease. The Go language inherently supports concurrency and can better cope with this situation. Therefore, in some scenarios that require high concurrency processing, using Go language to interface with Python can improve the stability and load capacity of the system to a certain extent.

Specifically, Go language has the following advantages to help Python:

1. High performance: Go language uses native coroutine (goroutine) and efficient thread scheduling method to handle concurrent requests more efficiently. In some scenarios that require high concurrency support, Python has poor performance, while using Go language can improve the performance of the entire system.
2. Built-in Web framework: Go language comes with its own Web framework and http package, which can quickly build Web services and support high concurrency and high performance. Python's web framework is also very rich, but in high-concurrency scenarios, manual configuration and optimization are required, which is relatively troublesome.
3. Cross-platform: Go language can generate executable files and supports cross-platform deployment, reducing deployment costs and operation and maintenance costs, making the entire system more flexible.
4. Easy to learn: Go language has simple syntax and a gentle learning curve. Both Python and Python are easy-to-use programming languages, making it easier for collaborative development by project teams.

Based on the above advantages, the docking of Go language and Python can allow developers to better utilize the advantages of the two languages ​​and quickly develop efficient and stable systems. Below we give examples to illustrate specific implementation methods.

First, you need to determine the communication method between the Go language and Python. Generally speaking, there are many methods such as RPC, message queue, and shared database. Here, we use RPC as the communication method for explanation.

Using gRPC, remote calls between Go language and Python can be realized. gRPC is a high-performance, general-purpose open source RPC framework developed by Google, supporting multiple languages ​​(Go, Python, Java, etc.) and multiple platforms. The advantage of using gRPC for communication is that it uses the HTTP/2 protocol for transmission at the bottom layer, which has faster transmission speed and higher security. At the same time, gRPC supports ProtoBuf as a data exchange format, which can effectively reduce data packet size and network bandwidth pressure.

Next, we use a simple example to illustrate the specific implementation of gRPC communication between Go language and Python. Suppose you need to implement a simple calculator program, using Go language to write the server and Python to write the client. The calculator supports four operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

The steps are as follows:

1. First you need to define the protobuf file (calculator.proto), which contains two messages: Request and Response.

syntax = "proto3";

package calculator;

message Request {
  int32 number1 = 1;
  int32 number2 = 2;
  string operation = 3;
}

message Response {
  int32 result = 1;
}

2. Generate ProtoBuf code for Go language and Python.

$ protoc calculator.proto --go_out=./go/ --python_out=./python/

The generated code will be stored in the go and python directories respectively.

3. Write the server side of Go language (calculator.go).

package main

import (
    "context"
    "log"
    "net"

    "google.golang.org/grpc"
    pb "github.com/username/calculator/go/proto"
)

const (
    port = ":50051"
)

type server struct {
    pb.UnimplementedCalculatorServer
}

func (s *server) Calculate(ctx context.Context, in *pb.Request) (*pb.Response, error) {
    var result int32
    switch in.Operation {
    case "add":
        result = in.Number1 + in.Number2
    case "sub":
        result = in.Number1 - in.Number2
    case "mul":
        result = in.Number1 * in.Number2
    case "div":
        result = in.Number1 / in.Number2
    default:
        return nil, fmt.Errorf("Invalid operation:%s", in.Operation)
    }
    return &pb.Response{Result: result}, nil
}

func main() {
    lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", port)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
    }
    s := grpc.NewServer()
    pb.RegisterCalculatorServer(s, &server{})
    if err := s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
    }
}

4. Write a Python client (client.py).

import grpc
import calculator_pb2
import calculator_pb2_grpc

def run():
    with grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:50051') as channel:
        stub = calculator_pb2_grpc.CalculatorStub(channel)
        number1 = int(input("Enter number1:"))
        number2 = int(input("Enter number2:"))
        operation = input("Enter operation (add/sub/mul/div):")
        response = stub.Calculate(calculator_pb2.Request(number1=number1, number2=number2, operation=operation))
    print(response.result)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

5. Start the Go language server.

$ go run calculator.go

6. Run the client in Python, enter numbers and operators, and you will get the calculation results.

$ python client.py
Enter number1: 10
Enter number2: 3
Enter operation (add/sub/mul/div): div
3

The above code implements a simple example of communication between Go language and Python through gRPC. Some readers may ask: Most Python applications are IO-intensive, why should they be connected to the Go language? In fact, this docking method is not only suitable for CPU-intensive application scenarios. Because in actual applications, there are often a lot of Python business logic, but in some scenarios that require active access, the combination of Go language and Python can not only meet the flexibility of Python business logic, but also achieve high concurrency. and high performance requirements.

In short, using Go language and Python for docking can give full play to the advantages of the two languages ​​and improve the reliability and performance of the system. In the future development process, we should pay more attention to the collaboration and connection between different languages, master multiple programming languages, and explore the possibility of collaboration between them, so as to better respond to different business needs.

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