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May 15, 2023 pm 03:19 PM

Java中的HTML字符转义字符

在HTML中，有一些特殊字符会被浏览器解析成标记符号而不是正常的文本。如果我们需要在HTML页面中输出这些特殊字符，就需要使用HTML字符转义符。

Java也提供了字符转义处理的功能，可以将HTML字符转义为对应的转义字符，或者将转义字符还原为原始字符。

HTML特殊字符

在HTML中，下面这些字符都是特殊字符：

< 小于号（左尖括号）

大于号（右尖括号）

& 和号（&符号）

" 双引号

' 单引号

这些字符都具有特殊的含义，如果我们需要在HTML页面中直接输出这些字符，可能会引起解析错误，甚至导致页面崩溃。

Java中的HTML字符转义

Java中提供了一些类方法，可以将HTML特殊字符转义为对应的转义字符，从而在HTML页面中输出正确的内容。

使用Java的内置方法进行转义，在Java代码中可以这样实现：

import org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String source = "<p>这是一段测试字符</p>";
        String escaped = StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml4(source);
        System.out.println(escaped);
    }
}

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在实际使用中，可以在需要输出特殊HTML字符的位置，使用类似于下面这样的代码进行转义：

String escaped = StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml4("<p>这是一段测试字符</p>");

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Java中的HTML字符反转义

相应地，Java也提供了将转义字符还原回原始字符的处理方法。

在需要将转义字符还原回原始字符的地方，可以使用类似下面这样的代码：

String unescaped = StringEscapeUtils.unescapeHtml4("&lt;p&gt;这是一段测试字符&lt;/p&gt;");

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总结

在开发Java Web应用程序时，避免输出特殊HTML字符将会是一个挑战。利用字符串转义处理可以解决这些问题，使得我们可以通过Java代码更加轻松地操作HTML页面中的内容。

在每一个输出到HTML页面的字符串上加上转换方法，可以避免在代码中硬编码转义字符，并且可以更容易地维护代码。

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字符	转义字符
<	<
>	>
&	&
"	"
'	'