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PHP 魔术变量和魔术函数详解_PHP

May 31, 2016 pm 01:16 PM
php magic function magic variable

魔术变量

PHP 向它运行的任何脚本提供了大量的预定义常量。

不过很多常量都是由不同的扩展库定义的,只有在加载了这些扩展库时才会出现,或者动态加载后,或者在编译时已经包括进去了。

有八个魔术常量它们的值随着它们在代码中的位置改变而改变。

例如 __LINE__ 的值就依赖于它在脚本中所处的行来决定。这些特殊的常量不区分大小写,如下:

__LINE__

文件中的当前行号。

实例:

代码如下:


echo '这是第 “ '  . __LINE__ . ' ” 行';
?>

以上实例输出结果为:

代码如下:


这是第 “ 2 ” 行

__FILE__

文件的完整路径和文件名。如果用在被包含文件中,则返回被包含的文件名。

自 PHP 4.0.2 起,__FILE__ 总是包含一个绝对路径(如果是符号连接,则是解析后的绝对路径),而在此之前的版本有时会包含一个相对路径。

实例:

代码如下:


echo '该文件位于 “ '  . __FILE__ . ' ” ';
?>

以上实例输出结果为:

代码如下:


该文件位于 “ E:\wamp\www\test\index.php ”

__DIR__

文件所在的目录。如果用在被包括文件中,则返回被包括的文件所在的目录。

它等价于 dirname(__FILE__)。除非是根目录,否则目录中名不包括末尾的斜杠。(PHP 5.3.0中新增)

实例:

代码如下:


echo '该文件位于 “ '  . __DIR__ . ' ” ';
?>

以上实例输出结果为:

代码如下:


该文件位于 “ E:\wamp\www\test ”

__FUNCTION__

函数名称(PHP 4.3.0 新加)。自 PHP 5 起本常量返回该函数被定义时的名字(区分大小写)。在 PHP 4 中该值总是小写字母的。

实例:

代码如下:


function test() {
 echo  '函数名为:' . __FUNCTION__ ;
}
test();
?>

以上实例输出结果为:

代码如下:


函数名为:test

__CLASS__

类的名称(PHP 4.3.0 新加)。自 PHP 5 起本常量返回该类被定义时的名字(区分大小写)。

在 PHP 4 中该值总是小写字母的。类名包括其被声明的作用区域(例如 Foo\Bar)。注意自 PHP 5.4 起 __CLASS__ 对 trait 也起作用。当用在 trait 方法中时,__CLASS__ 是调用 trait 方法的类的名字。

实例:

代码如下:


class test {
 function _print() {
  echo '类名为:'  . __CLASS__ . "
";
  echo  '函数名为:' . __FUNCTION__ ;
 }
}
$t = new test();
$t->_print();
?>

以上实例输出结果为:

类名为:test
函数名为:_print

__TRAIT__

Trait 的名字(PHP 5.4.0 新加)。自 PHP 5.4.0 起,PHP 实现了代码复用的一个方法,称为 traits。

Trait 名包括其被声明的作用区域(例如 Foo\Bar)。

从基类继承的成员被插入的 SayWorld Trait 中的 MyHelloWorld 方法所覆盖。其行为 MyHelloWorld 类中定义的方法一致。优先顺序是当前类中的方法会覆盖 trait 方法,而 trait 方法又覆盖了基类中的方法。

代码如下:


class Base {
    public function sayHello() {
        echo 'Hello ';
    }
}
 {
    public function sayHello() {
        parent::sayHello();
        echo 'World!';
    }
}
class MyHelloWorld extends Base {
   
}
$o = new MyHelloWorld();
$o->sayHello();
?>

以上例程会输出:

代码如下:


Hello World!

__METHOD__

类的方法名(PHP 5.0.0 新加)。返回该方法被定义时的名字(区分大小写)。

实例:

代码如下:


function test() {
 echo  '函数名为:' . __METHOD__ ;
}
test();
?>

以上实例输出结果为:

代码如下:


函数名为:test

__NAMESPACE__

当前命名空间的名称(区分大小写)。此常量是在编译时定义的(PHP 5.3.0 新增)。

实例:

代码如下:


namespace MyProject;
echo '命名空间为:"', __NAMESPACE__, '"'; // 输出 "MyProject"
?>

以上实例输出结果为:

代码如下:


命名空间为:"MyProject"

魔术函数

__construct()
    实例化对象时被调用,
    当__construct和以类名为函数名的函数同时存在时,__construct将被调用,另一个不被调用。

__destruct()
    当删除一个对象或对象操作终止时被调用。

__call()
    对象调用某个方法,
    若方法存在,则直接调用;
    若不存在,则会去调用__call函数。

__get()
    读取一个对象的属性时,
    若属性存在,则直接返回属性值;
    若不存在,则会调用__get函数。

__set()
    设置一个对象的属性时,
    若属性存在,则直接赋值;
    若不存在,则会调用__set函数。

__toString()
    打印一个对象的时被调用。如echo $obj;或print $obj;

__clone()
    克隆对象时被调用。如:$t=new Test();$t1=clone $t;

__sleep()
    serialize之前被调用。若对象比较大,想删减一点东东再序列化,可考虑一下此函数。

__wakeup()
    unserialize时被调用,做些对象的初始化工作。

__isset()
    检测一个对象的属性是否存在时被调用。如:isset($c->name)。

__unset()
    unset一个对象的属性时被调用。如:unset($c->name)。

__set_state()
    调用var_export时,被调用。用__set_state的返回值做为var_export的返回值。

__autoload()
    实例化一个对象时,如果对应的类不存在,则该方法被调用。

以上就是本文的全部内容了,小伙伴们是否对魔术变量和魔术函数有了新的认识了呢,希望大家喜欢本文内容。

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