How to use nginx to cache static files on the server

1. Advantages of nginx cache

As shown in the figure, nginx cache can, to a certain extent, reduce the processing requests of the source server. pressure.
Because many of the static files (such as css, js, pictures) are not updated frequently. nginx uses proxy_cache to cache user requests to a local directory. The next same request can directly call the cache file, without having to request the server.
After all, the processing of io-intensive services is nginx’s strength.

2. How to set it up

First a chestnut:

http{
  proxy_connect_timeout 10;
  proxy_read_timeout 180;
  proxy_send_timeout 5;
  proxy_buffer_size 16k;
  proxy_buffers 4 32k;
  proxy_busy_buffers_size 96k;
  proxy_temp_file_write_size 96k;
  proxy_temp_path /tmp/temp_dir;
  proxy_cache_path /tmp/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:100m inactive=1d max_size=10g;
  server {
    listen    80 default_server;
    server_name localhost;
    root /mnt/blog/;
    location / {
    }
    #要缓存文件的后缀，可以在以下设置。
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|png|css|js)(.*) {
        proxy_pass http://ip地址:90;
        proxy_redirect off;
        proxy_set_header host $host;
        proxy_cache cache_one;
        proxy_cache_valid 200 302 24h;
        proxy_cache_valid 301 30d;
        proxy_cache_valid any 5m;
        expires 90d;
        add_header wall "hey!guys!give me a star.";
    }
  }
  # 无nginx缓存的blog端口
  server {
    listen 90;
    server_name localhost;
    root /mnt/blog/;
    location / {
    }
  }
}

Because I am testing on a server , so two ports 80 and 90 are used to simulate the interaction between the two servers.

Port 80 is connected to ordinary domain name () access.
Port 90 is responsible for processing resource access proxied by port 80.
Equivalent to port 90 being the source server and port 80 being the nginx reverse cache proxy server.

Next let’s talk about the configuration items:

2.1 http layer settings

 proxy_connect_timeout 10;
  proxy_read_timeout 180;
  proxy_send_timeout 5;
  proxy_buffer_size 16k;
  proxy_buffers 4 32k;
  proxy_busy_buffers_size 96k;
  proxy_temp_file_write_size 96k;
  proxy_temp_path /tmp/temp_dir;
  proxy_cache_path /tmp/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:100m inactive=1d max_size=10g;

• proxy_connect_timeout server connection timeout Time

• proxy_read_timeout After the connection is successful, wait for the back-end server response time

• proxy_send_timeout back-end server data return time

• proxy_buffer_size The size of the buffer

• proxy_buffers The number of buffers set for each connection is number, and the size of each buffer is size

• proxy_busy_buffers_size After turning on the buffered response function, if the write buffer reaches a certain size without reading all the responses, nginx will definitely send a response to the client until the buffer is smaller than this value.

• proxy_temp_file_write_size Sets the size limit for nginx to write data to a temporary file each time

• proxy_temp_path The temporary file received from the back-end server Storage path

• proxy_cache_path Set the cache path and other parameters. If the cached data is not accessed within the time specified by the inactive parameter (currently 1 day), it will be removed from the cache

2.2 server layer Settings

2.2.1 Reverse caching proxy server

server {
    listen    80 default_server;
    server_name localhost;
    root /mnt/blog/;
    location / {
    }
    #要缓存文件的后缀，可以在以下设置。
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|png|css|js)(.*) {
        proxy_pass http://ip地址:90;
        proxy_redirect off;
        proxy_set_header host $host;
        proxy_cache cache_one;
        proxy_cache_valid 200 302 24h;
        proxy_cache_valid 301 30d;
        proxy_cache_valid any 5m;
        expires 90d;
        add_header wall "hey!guys!give me a star.";
    }
  }

• proxy_pass The resource cannot be obtained from the nginx cache. The address forwards the request, gets the new resource, and caches it

• proxy_redirect sets the replacement text of the backend server's "location" response header and "refresh" response header

• proxy_set_header allows redefining or adding request headers sent to the back-end server

• proxy_cache specifies the shared memory used for page caching, corresponding to the keys_zone set by the http layer

• proxy_cache_valid Set different cache times for different response status codes

• expires cache time

• 
  

Here I set up images, css, and js static resources for caching.
When the user enters the domain name, the access address of ip:port is obtained through analysis. The port defaults to 80. Therefore, the page request will be intercepted by the current server and processed.

When the static resource at the end of the above file name is parsed, the static resource will be obtained from the cache area.

If the corresponding resource is obtained, the data will be returned directly.

If it cannot be obtained, the request will be forwarded to the address pointed to by proxy_pass for processing.

2.2.2 Source server

server {
    listen 90;
    server_name localhost;
    root /mnt/blog/;
    location / {
    }
  }

Here, the request received on port 90 is directly processed, and resources are grabbed from the server's local directory/mnt/blog to respond.

3. How to verify whether the cache is valid

Careful readers should notice that I left an Easter egg in the second paragraph add_header wall "hey !guys!give me a star."
add_header is used to set customized information in the header.
So, if the cache is valid, the header returned by the static resource will definitely carry this information.

The access results are as follows:

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