Integration of PHP and database load balancing

With the rapid development of Internet business, the business needs of large websites continue to grow, and the number of website visits and data processing volume is increasing. How to ensure the stability of the website and efficiently handle requests during the peak period of user access has become an urgent need. solved problem. In order to improve the service quality and reliability of the website, load balancing in the website architecture has become one of the important options. While achieving load balancing, in order to improve data processing speed, database load balancing has gradually attracted attention. This article will introduce the integration method of PHP and database load balancing.

1. What is load balancing?

Load balancing refers to evenly distributing requests to multiple servers to improve performance and availability. Load balancing can be hardware or software, with the latter being the main one. Load balancing distributes network traffic, access requests, database requests, etc. to different servers to make full use of the hardware resources of each server and improve the processing speed and stability of the overall system.

2. What is database load balancing?

Database load balancing refers to distributing database requests to multiple database servers for processing to improve the speed of data reading and writing and the reliability of the database. In the case of high concurrent access, the processing capacity of a single database server is often difficult to meet the demand. Therefore, multiple servers are used to process data requests in parallel to meet the needs of a large number of user requests. Database load balancing can realize automatic switching, disaster recovery backup, load balancing and other functions, improving the security and reliability of the entire system.

3. PHP integrated load balancing

For websites developed using PHP language, load balancing can utilize the resources of multiple servers to improve the response speed and stability of the system. PHP can achieve load balancing in a variety of ways, such as code implementation, Nginx, Apache, HAProxy, etc. Here we take Apache as an example to introduce how to use Apache's proxy module to achieve load balancing.

(1) Install the Apache module

Use the following command to install the Apache proxy module in the CentOS system.

yum install httpd mod_proxy_balancer mod_proxy_http

(2) Configure load balancing

Add the following configuration to the Apache configuration file httpd.conf.

<Proxy balancer://mycluster>
    BalancerMember http://192.168.0.2:80
    BalancerMember http://192.168.0.3:80
</Proxy>

ProxyPass / balancer://mycluster/
ProxyPassReverse / balancer://mycluster/

In the above configuration, the load balancing cluster name is defined as mycluster, and the Round-Robin strategy is used to evenly distribute requests to the two servers. Write the above configuration into the Apache configuration file and restart the Apache service to complete the load balancing configuration.

(3) Verify load balancing

Open the browser, enter the host name or IP address, when accessing the website, you can see that Apache has balanced the request and distributed the request to two machines processed on the server.

4. Database load balancing

For database load balancing, it is usually implemented using master-slave replication and read-write separation. Master-slave replication refers to synchronizing data from the master database to the slave database to realize database backup and failover functions. Read-write separation refers to allocating read requests and write requests to different databases for processing, improving the efficiency of data reading and writing. efficiency and system availability. Implemented using MySQL, technical solutions such as MySQL Cluster, Keepalived, and LVS can be used.

(1) Master-slave replication

Master-slave replication adopts a cluster structure of one master and multiple slaves. One master database stores the original data, and multiple slave databases synchronize the data in the master database. Used for backup and failover. When the primary database fails, the secondary database can automatically become the primary database and continue to process data requests.

The specific implementation method of master-slave replication is as follows:

First, perform the following configuration on the master database, specify the IP address of the slave database and the port number used.

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog-do-db=testdb

[mysqldump]
quick
lock-tables

Configure the following on the slave database and specify to synchronize data from the master database.

[mysqld]
server-id=2
replicate-do-db=testdb

[mysqldump]
quick
lock-tables

After completing the above configuration, start the services of the master database and the slave database to synchronize data.

(2) Read-write separation

The implementation method of read-write separation is to allocate read requests and write requests to the master database and slave database respectively to improve database read-write performance and system availability. . The specific implementation method of separating reading and writing is as follows:

First, perform the following configuration on the master database:

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog-do-db=testdb

[mysqldump]
quick
lock-tables

Configure the following on the slave database:

[mysqld]
server-id=2
replicate-do-db=testdb

[mysqldump]
quick
lock-tables

On the master database Start the MySQL Proxy service on the database and allocate read requests to the secondary database for processing. Start the MySQL service on the slave database and allocate write requests to the master database for implementation.

In this way, database load balancing implementation of read-write separation can be achieved.

5. Summary

Load balancing technology has become an important means for large websites to solve high concurrent access, performance improvement and reliability guarantee. Using load balancing technology, requests can be evenly distributed to multiple servers for processing to fully utilize hardware resources. The integration of PHP and database load balancing can improve the system's availability, performance and response speed in response to the increasing volume of website visits and data processing.

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