Golang function call chain tracing skills

Golang is an efficient, concise, and concurrent development language with many excellent features and functions. In the process of Golang application development, we often encounter more complex problems, such as function call chain tracing. At this time, we need to master some skills to better track the function call chain and solve problems in application development.

This article will introduce the techniques of Golang function call chain tracing, including call stack functions, Stacktrace, etc.

Call stack function

In Golang, we can use the function in the runtime packageCaller(i int) (pc uintptr, file string, line int, ok bool) Get the full path information of the function being executed by the current program, and return the file name and line number information where the function is located. At the same time, we can also use the Callers(skip int, pc []uintptr) int function to return the program counter on the current stack and the complete path information of all functions on the current stack call path. This is what we call a call stack function.

When calling a function, we can use Caller where needed to obtain the function information on the calling path on the current stack. For example, when an exception occurs, we can print out the function call information on the current stack to better find code errors. The sample code is as follows:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "runtime"
)

func testA() {
    testB()
}

func testB() {
    _, file, line, _ := runtime.Caller(0)
    fmt.Println(file, line)
}

func main() {
    testA()
}

In this example, we call the testA function, in which we call the testB function. Finally, we printed out the function call information through the Caller function in the testB function.

Goroutine ID

In Golang, Goroutine ID is the unique identifier of each Goroutine, which is a uint64 number. We can get the ID of the current Goroutine when the program is running, and then print it out for debugging and error location.

In Golang, we can use the GetGoID() function in the runtime package to get the ID of the current Goroutine. The sample code is as follows:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "runtime"
)

func test() {
    fmt.Println("Goroutine ID:", runtime.GetGoID())
}

func main() {
    go test()
    fmt.Println("main Goroutine ID:", runtime.GetGoID())
    for {}
}

In this example, we started a coroutine (i.e. Goroutine) in the main function, called the test function in the coroutine, and finally printed out the ID of the current Goroutine information.

Stacktrace

In actual application development, we often encounter some more complex problems, such as deadlocks, memory leaks, etc. If we can obtain a complete function call chain information at this time, we can better locate where these problems occur and thus better solve the problem.

In Golang, we can obtain the complete function call chain information by using Stacktrace. This requires the use of third-party libraries, such as go-spew, logrus, etc. The sample code is as follows:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
    "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
)

func testC() {
    log := logrus.New()
    log.Out = nil

    trace := spew.Sdump(string(debug.Stack()))
    fmt.Println(trace)
}

func testB() {
    testC()
}

func testA() {
    testB()
}

func main() {
    testA()
}

In this example, we obtain the complete function call chain information on the current stack by using the debug.Stack() function, and then use logrusThe library prints out this information. At the same time, we also convert this information into string form through the spew.Sdump() function for better viewing and positioning.

Summary:

In Golang application development, we often inevitably encounter the tracing and positioning of function call chains. At this time, we need to master some skills, such as calling stack functions, Goroutine ID, Stacktrace, etc. These skills can help us solve problems better and improve our development efficiency and code quality.

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