Golang, also known as Go language, is a new programming language developed by Google. In recent years, it has become popular in cloud computing, back-end development, network programming and other fields. Golang has excellent concurrency features, efficient compilation speed, and concise syntax, making it the first choice for developers.
This article will introduce in detail the basic knowledge of Golang programming and the differences with other programming languages.
First, we need to set up the Golang development environment locally. Go to the official website (https://golang.org/dl/) to download the installation package for the corresponding system and install it. After the installation is complete, enter the "go version" command in the terminal to check whether the installation is successful.
Compared with other languages, Golang language has a simpler syntax and supports concurrent programming at the language level. Let's take a look at the basic syntax of Golang.
2.1 Variables
There are two ways to define variables in Golang:
For example:
var name string = "hello world"
For example:
name: = "hello world"
Among them, Golang language supports automatic inference and type conversion. Therefore, variables can be defined in the above two ways.
2.2 Data types
The data types supported by Golang include basic types and composite types.
Basic type:
Composite type:
2.3 Function
Function definition:
func functionName(param1 type1, param2 type2) (returnType1, returnType2) {
//函数体代码
}
For example:
func add(x int, y int) (int, int) {
return x + y, x - y
}
2.4 Process control
Golang language supports process control similar to other languages Statement:
if condition {
//条件为true时执行的代码
}
For example:
if x > ; 10 {
fmt.Println("x is greater than 10.")
}
for i := 0; i < 10; i {
//循环体代码
}
For example:
for i := 0; i < 10; i {
fmt.Println(i)
}
switch condition {
case condition1: //执行操作1 case condition2: //执行操作2 default: //执行默认操作
}
For example:
switch num {
case 1: fmt.Println("num is 1.") case 2: fmt.Println("num is 2.") default: fmt.Println("num is not 1 or 2.")
}
Golang is a programming language with an excellent concurrency model. The way to implement multi-threading is very simple. You only need to add the keyword "go" before the function to start a new thread, for example:
func main() {
go myFunc() //启动一个新线程
}
Golang provides some tools to implement concurrent programming, such as goroutine, channel, select, etc.
3.1 goroutine
Goroutine is Golang’s lightweight thread. To start a goroutine, you only need to add the keyword "go" when calling the function.
For example:
func main() {
go myFunc() //启动goroutine
}
3.2 channel
channel is used for communication between goroutines in Golang Mechanisms.
Definition:
var variable name chan data type
For example:
var ch chan int
3.3 select
select statement is used to wait to receive values between multiple channels. The select statement will block until a channel has data to receive.
For example:
select {
case <- ch1: fmt.Println("received from ch1") case <- ch2: fmt.Println("received from ch2")
}
Comparison with other mainstream programming Compared with other languages, Golang has the following advantages:
Compared with other languages, Golang also has the following shortcomings:
In short, Golang is an excellent programming language, suitable for use in cloud computing, back-end development, network programming and other fields, and is worthy of in-depth study and use by developers.
Conclusion
This article introduces the programming characteristics and applications of Golang in detail from aspects such as programming environment construction, basic syntax, concurrent programming, and comparison with other languages. Golang has concise syntax, efficient concurrency features, and is widely used in the field of modern programming. I hope that through the introduction of this article, developers can better understand Golang and start their own Golang programming journey.
The above is the detailed content of How to program in golang. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!