golang method overriding

Golang is a modern programming language with a very simple and efficient design concept. In Golang, method overriding is a very important concept, especially in object-oriented programming. Method rewriting can help us avoid code duplication problems and improve program reusability and maintainability.

Method rewriting refers to reimplementing existing methods in the parent class in the subclass to meet the unique needs of the subclass. In Golang, the implementation of method overriding is very simple. We only need to define the method with the same name as the parent class in the subclass. When we call this method, the methods in the subclass will override the methods in the parent class.

The following is a simple example that demonstrates how to override the methods of the parent class in a subclass:

package main

import(
    "fmt"
)

type Animal struct {
    name string
    age int
}

func (a *Animal) SayHello(){
    fmt.Println("Hello, I am ", a.name)
}

type Cat struct {
    Animal
}

func (c *Cat) SayHello(){
    fmt.Println("Meow, I am ", c.name)
}

func main() {
    a := Animal{name: "Tom", age: 3}
    c := Cat{Animal: a}
    a.SayHello() //输出Hello, I am Tom
    c.SayHello() //输出Meow, I am Tom
}

In the above example, we defined an Animal class and a Cat class . In the Animal class, we define a SayHello method to output the name of the Animal. In the Cat class, we redefined a SayHello method to output Cat's name. When we create an Animal and Cat object and call their SayHello methods respectively, we will find that the Animal object calls the SayHello method in the Animal class, and the Cat object calls the SayHello method in the Cat class. This is because the SayHello method in the Cat class overrides the SayHello method in the Animal class, so when called, the subclass's method overrides the parent class's method.

In addition to the above example, we can also use the super keyword to call methods in the parent class. In Golang, the method of using the super keyword is similar to the method in languages ​​​​such as Java and Python, which is used to call existing methods in the parent class. In this way, methods in the parent class can be rewritten in the subclass and existing methods can be called in the subclass to avoid code duplication problems.

The following is an example of using the super keyword, demonstrating how to call existing methods in the parent class in a subclass:

package main

import(
    "fmt"
)

type Animal struct {
    name string
    age int
}

func (a *Animal) SayHello(){
    fmt.Println("Hello, I am ", a.name)
}

type Cat struct {
    Animal
}

func (c *Cat) SayHello(){
    fmt.Println("Meow, I am ", c.name)
    c.Animal.SayHello()
}

func main() {
    a := Animal{name: "Tom", age: 3}
    c := Cat{Animal: a}
    a.SayHello() //输出Hello, I am Tom
    c.SayHello() 
    //输出：
    //Meow, I am Tom
    //Hello, I am Tom
}

In the above example, we defined an Animal class and a Cat class, the same as in the previous example. The difference is that we call the SayHello method of the parent class Animal in the SayHello method of the Cat class to avoid code duplication problems.

Through the above example, we can see that the implementation of method rewriting in Golang is very simple. You only need to define a method with the same name as the parent class in the subclass. At the same time, we can also use the super keyword to call methods in the parent class to avoid code duplication problems. These methods can help us improve the reusability and maintainability of the program, making the code more robust and reliable.

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