How to exclude new folders in git

As software development projects become larger and larger, code management becomes more and more difficult, especially in team collaboration. As one of the most popular code version control tools currently, Git can help us manage code versions efficiently and is easily integrated into the team's workflow.

In Git, we often encounter situations where we need to exclude newly added folders from the Git library. These folders may be temporarily generated folders, cache folders or special folders, such as the node_modules folder. In this article, we will learn how to exclude newly added folders in Git.

1. .gitignore file

To exclude some folders or files, we need to create a file named .gitignore and list the names of the files or folders to be excluded. . Git will automatically read this file during the commit or ignore process and ignore the files or folders in the list.

1. Create a .gitignore file

Create a .gitignore file in the root directory of the project. Files can be created using command line tools or graphical interface tools.

Use the command line tool, open the terminal in the root directory of the project, enter the following command to create the .gitignore file:

touch .gitignore

Use the graphical interface tool, open the folder where the project is located, right-click and click Click on the blank area, select "New File", enter .gitignore as the file name, and save it.

2. Edit the .gitignore file

Open the .gitignore file and enter the name of the file or folder you want to exclude. These names are usually relative path names to the directory where the .gitignore file is located. For example, if you want to exclude the node_modules folder, you can enter the following in the .gitignore file:

node_modules/

where the final slash means to exclude the entire folder, otherwise only files matching that name exactly will be excluded , without excluding the entire folder.

You can also use the following wildcard characters to specify the pattern in the .gitignore file:

*: matches any sequence of characters, including the path separator (/)

?: matches any Single character

!: Exclude a certain pattern

For example, if you want to exclude .log files in all folders, you can enter the following:

**/*.log

Among them, two An asterisk matches all subdirectories.

3. Add the .gitignore file to the Git repository

The last step is to add the .gitignore file to the Git repository to ensure that Git reads it during the commit or ignore process Take it.

Use the following command to add the .gitignore file to the Git repository:

git add .gitignore

2. Example

Let’s look at a practical example, assuming you are developing a React application, and uses npm or yarn to manage dependencies. In the root directory of the project, npm or yarn will generate a node_modules folder that contains all the dependent packages and modules required by your project. This folder can be very large, containing thousands of files, and including it in the Git repository for every commit will seriously affect the performance and speed of Git.

In this case, we can exclude the node_modules folder from the Git repository by following these steps:

1. Create a .gitignore file in the root directory of the project;
2. Edit the .gitignore file and enter the following:

# 排除node_modules文件夹
node_modules/

3. Add the .gitignore file to the Git repository:

git add .gitignore

4. Commit Code changes:

git commit -m "Update .gitignore to exclude node_modules folder"

This way Git will automatically ignore the node_modules folder and all its contents during commit or ignore.

3. Summary

In Git, the method of excluding newly added folders is relatively simple. You only need to create a .gitignore file and list the names of the files or folders to be excluded. That’s it. Through this method, the number of unnecessary files in the Git library can be greatly reduced, the performance and speed of Git can be improved, and code versions can be better managed. I hope this article can help you better deal with problems in Git code management.

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