Advanced usage of git

In the development field, Git is a powerful version control tool. It helps developers easily manage multiple code versions, making team collaboration more efficient. Although Git has become a commonly used tool for programmers, many people only use basic functions and are unable to use the full power of Git. This article will introduce the advanced usage of Git to help readers better understand Git and improve efficiency.

1. Rebase

Rebase is a way to change the submission history, turning the original parallel submissions into a straight line. The biggest difference between Rebase and Merge is that Rebase changes the order of submissions, while Merge does not change the order of submissions.

In some cases, Rebase is more useful than Merge. For example, when merging branches, using Merge will make the submission history difficult to maintain, but using Rebase can keep the submission history concise and tidy. At the same time, using Rebase can also avoid conflicts when multiple people collaborate.

Using Rebase is very simple. You only need to execute the command on the current branch:

git rebase <branch>

Among them, <branch> is the branch to be merged. After successful execution, Git will automatically reconstruct the submission history of the current branch into a linear submission sequence.

2. Cherry-pick

Cherry-pick is a method of picking a commit and applying it to the current branch. Sometimes, we need to apply a commit from another branch to the current branch. Cherry-pick can solve this problem.

Using Cherry-pick is very simple, just execute the command on the current branch:

git cherry-pick <commit>

Where, <commit> is the commit to be applied. After successful execution, Git will apply the specified commit to the current branch.

3. Bisect

Bisect is a binary search method used to find errors in programs. Using Bisect, we can quickly locate the location of the error.

Using Bisect requires the following steps:

1. Mark the current status as Good (correct)

git bisect start
git bisect good <commit>

Among them, <commit> is the current correct commit. After successful execution, Git will mark the current status as Good.

2. Mark the latest status as Bad (error)

git bisect bad <commit>

Among them, <commit> is the latest submission. After successful execution, Git will mark the current status as Bad.

3. Mark intermediate states

Using Bisect, Git will automatically find intermediate states in the commit history and mark them. We need to determine whether the current submission status is Good or Bad based on the running results of the program, and use the following command to mark the intermediate state:

git bisect good/bad

After successful execution, Git will automatically switch to the intermediate state.

4. Repeat steps 3 and 4

According to the running results of the program, we need to continue to perform steps 3 and 4 until the commit where the error is located.

5. End Bisect

Once the commit where the error is located, we need to use the following command to end Bisect:

git bisect reset

After successful execution, Git will return to the state before the positioning error.

4. Submodules

Submodules is a method that allows nesting other Git repositories within a Git repository. Using Submodules, we can easily combine multiple Git repositories together to facilitate development and maintenance.

To use Submodules, you need to perform the following steps:

1. Add Submodule

Use the following command to add other Git repositories to the current repository:

git submodule add <URL> <path>

Among them, <URL> is the URL of the Git repository to be added, and <path> is the path to which the repository is to be added.

2. Update Submodule

If there are updates in other Git repositories, we need to manually update Submodule:

git submodule update

After successful execution, Git will update all Submodule is updated to the latest version.

5. Workflows

Using Workflows in Git is a workflow method that helps developers organize and manage their code base. There are many types of Workflows, the most common of which is Gitflow Workflow. Gitflow Workflow is widely used in Git because it can help teams meet some of the most basic needs.

Gitflow Workflow mainly includes the following branches:

• master: The branch is used to store stable versions in the project.
• develop: Branch is used to integrate the development work of individual developers and conduct project testing.
• feature: Branch is used to develop new features.
• release: Branch is used to release new versions.
• hotfix: branch is used to fix urgent incompatibility issues or bugs.

Using Workflows needs to be implemented specifically according to the needs of the team, and must be continuously summarized and optimized in practice.

Summary

This article introduces some advanced usage of Git, including Rebase, Cherry-pick, Bisect, Submodules, Workflows, etc. These methods can help readers better understand Git and improve development efficiency. In practice, developers can use these tools flexibly to better maintain the code base.

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