How to configure ab to do stress testing for Nginx server

ab is a performance testing tool for apache. You can only install the ab tool.

ubuntu installation ab

apt-get install apache2-utils

centos installation ab

yum install httpd-tools

Before testing, you need to prepare a simple html, a php, and an image file.

Test them separately.

We put these three files in the default html directory of the nginx installation directory.

After preparation, we can test it

ab -kc 1000 -n 1000 http://localhost/ab.html

This command will use 1000 concurrency and connect 1000 times. The results are as follows

root@~# ab -kc 1000 -n 1000 http://www.nginx.cn/ab.html

this is apachebench, version 2.3 <$revision: 655654 $>
copyright 1996 adam twiss, zeus technology ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
licensed to the apache software foundation, http://www.apache.org/

benchmarking www.nginx.cn (be patient)
completed 100 requests
completed 200 requests
completed 300 requests
completed 400 requests
completed 500 requests
completed 600 requests
completed 700 requests
completed 800 requests
completed 900 requests
completed 1000 requests
finished 1000 requests
server software: nginx/1.2.3
server hostname: www.nginx.cn
server port: 80

document path: /ab.html
document length: 192 bytes

concurrency level: 1000
time taken for tests: 60.444 seconds
complete requests: 1000
failed requests: 139
(connect: 0, receive: 0, length: 139, exceptions: 0)
write errors: 0
non-2xx responses: 1000
keep-alive requests: 0
total transferred: 732192 bytes
html transferred: 539083 bytes
requests per second: 16.54 [#/sec] (mean)
<strong>time per request: 60443.585 [ms] (mean)
time per request: 60.444 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)</strong>
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connection times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
connect: 55 237 89.6 261 328
processing: 58 5375 13092.8 341 60117
waiting: 57 5337 12990.0 341 59870
total: 386 5611 13083.7 572 60443

percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 572
66% 606
75% 635
80% 672
90% 30097
95% 42004
98% 47250
99% 49250
100% 60443 (longest request)

You can use the same instructions for php files and image files, but I will not post the results.

ab -kc 500 -n 5000 http://localhost/ab.php

ab -kc 500 -n 5000 http://localhost/ab.gif

We can understand the output results literally.

Here are two more important indicators.

For example,

requests per second: 16.54 [#/sec] (mean)
time per request: 60443.585 [ms] (mean)

requests per second: 16.54 [#/sec] (mean)

means that the currently tested server can handle 16.54 static html request transactions per second. mean means average. This value represents the overall performance of the current machine. The larger the value, the better.

time per request: 60443.585 [ms] (mean)

The delay time of a single concurrency, the following mean represents the average.
Isolate the current concurrency and average the time it takes to complete a request alone.

By the way, let’s talk about the difference between the two time per request

time per request: 60443.585 [ms] (mean)
time per request: 60.444 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)

The former measures the delay of a single request. The CPU executes the request in turns in time slices. In the case of multiple concurrencies, one concurrent This is how long it takes to get the next timeslice when requesting.
Calculation method time per request: 60.444 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)*concurrency number

In layman’s terms, it means that when -c 10 concurrency is completed, -n 1000 requests are completed at the same time , add an additional request, and calculate the average time required to complete this.

The latter is a measure of performance, which reflects the average time it takes to complete a request, and the time it takes to increase a request under the current concurrency conditions.
Calculation method time taken for tests: 60.444 seconds/complete requests: 1000

In layman's terms, when -n 1001 requests are completed with -c 10 concurrency, more than -n1000 requests are completed. Take the time.
You can appropriately adjust the -c and -n sizes to test server performance, and use the htop command to visually check the load of the machine.

My machine is Shanda Cloud's ultra-micro host. The normal CPU load is 1.7%. Screenshot of the htop command results

after pressurization The load is 100%, and the load has basically come up. Screenshot of htop command results

It seems that I need to optimize it or change the machine.

Detailed explanation of ab parameters
For ordinary testing, you can complete the task by using the -c -n parameters
Format: ./ab [options] [http://]hostname[:port ]/path
Parameters:
-n The total number of requests tested. By default, only one request is executed
-c The number of concurrent requests at a time. The default is one at a time.
-h Add request header, such as 'accept-encoding: gzip', to request in gzip mode.
-t Maximum number of seconds for the test to run. Its internal implicit value is -n 50000. It can limit the testing of the server to a fixed total time. By default, there is no time limit.
-p File containing data that needs to be posted.
-t Content-type header information used by post data.
-v sets the verbosity of displayed information - 4 or greater displays header information, 3 or greater displays response codes (404, 200, etc.), 2 or greater displays warnings and other information. -v displays version number and exits.
-w Output the results in html table format. By default, it is a two-column width table with a white background.
-i performs head request instead of get.
-c -c cookie-name=value Attach a cookie to the request: line. Its typical form is a parameter pair of name=value. This parameter can be repeated.

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