How to configure nginx multiple locations

Preface

Configuring multiple locations under the nginx server performs different processing according to different path matches.

nginx commonly used regular expressions

Grammar rules: location [=|~|~*|^~] /uri/ { … }

## The beginning of

• #= means: exact match.

• ^~ The beginning means: it is case-sensitive.

• ~ The beginning means: case-sensitive regular matching.

• ~* starts with: case-insensitive regular matching.

• !~ and !~* respectively represent: case-sensitive non-matching and case-insensitive non-matching regular matching.

• / means: universal matching, any request will be matched.

In the case of multiple location configurations, the matching order is (not verified):

Match = first, then ^~ , followed by regular matching in order in the file, and finally handed over to / universal matching. When a match is successful, the matching is stopped and the request is processed according to the current matching rules.

Actual measurement

server {
    listen       80;
    listen  [::]:80;
    server_name  location.test.com;

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/location.host.access.log  main;

    #*********************注意多个location通常按精确的放前面，模糊大范围的放后面，nginx先找= ******************************
    location = /login.html {#精确匹配 /login
	root /usr/share/nginx/html/test-equal;#请求/login.html相当于寻找资源/usr/share/nginx/html/test-equal/login.html
    }
    location ^~ /prefix/ {#区分大小写且以/prefix/开头
	root /usr/share/nginx/html/test-prefix;#root代表根目录，请求/prefix/prefix.html相当于寻找资源/usr/share/nginx/html/test-prefix/prefix/prefix.html 
    }
    location ~ \.(png|jpg)$ {#不区分大小写且以.png或.jpg结尾
	root /usr/share/nginx/html/test-suffix;#请求/suffix/a.png相当于寻找资源/usr/share/nginx/html/test-suffix/suffix/a.png
    }
    location ^~ /jd/ {# 区分大小写且以/jd/开头
	proxy_pass https://www.jd.com/;#proxy_pass  此处的url以/结尾，则nginx会取掉location部分再转发，例如，请求/jd/电器?name=1 则会转发到https://www.jd.com/电器?name=1
    }
    location ^~ /s {# /会匹配到所有的
	proxy_pass https://www.baidu.com;#proxy_pass  此处的url没有以/结尾，则匹配到的地址全部拼接到代理后的地址，例如，请求/s?name=1 则会转发到https://www.baidu.com/s?name=1
    }
    location  / {# 会返回index.html
	root /usr/share/nginx/html;
	index index.html;	
    }  
}

Remarks

The difference between root and alias under location:

Example:

Client request: http://localhost:8080/user/info/a.txt

If nginx is configured with root: nginx will look for resources: /home/html/user/info/a.txt

location ^~ /user {<!--{cke_protected}{C}%3C!%2D%2D%20%2D%2D%3E-->
root /home/html;#此处可以不以/结尾
}

If nginx is configured with alias: nginx will look for resources: /home/html/info/a.txt

location ^~ /user {<!--{cke_protected}{C}%3C!%2D%2D%20%2D%2D%3E-->
alias /home/html/;#此处以/结尾
}

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