How to install Debian in linux system

Debian Introduction

Debian in a broad sense refers to a cooperative organization dedicated to creating free operating systems and their works. Since the Linux macrokernel is the main kernel branch of the Debian project, and most of the basic tools in the operating system created by Debian developers come from the GNU project, "Debian" often refers to Debian GNU/Linux.

Unofficial kernel branches include Debian GNU/Hurd (Hurd microkernel), which only supports x86, Dyson (OpenSolaris hybrid kernel), which only supports amd64, etc. These unofficial forks have some serious problems and lack of practicality. For example, Hurd's microkernel technology is immature, and Dyson's basic functions are not yet complete.

1. Software installation method

1) APT mode

A. Conventional installation: apt-get install softname 1 softname 2...;

B. Repair and installation: apt-get-f install software name 1 software name 2. (-f Atemp to correct broken dependencies)

C. Reinstall: apt-get- Reinstall the installation software name 1 software name 2.

2)dpkg mode

Normal installation: dpkg -i package_name.deb

3)Source code installation (.tar, tar.bz2, tar.bz2, tar.z)

First decompress the source code compression package, and then use the tar command to complete

A.xx.tar.gz

B .Solve xx.tar.Z:tar -zxvf xx.tar.Z

C.Solve xx.tgz:tar -zxvf xx.tgz

D.Understand xx . bz2:bunzi2xx . bz2.

E. Understand xx.tar: Tarf xx.tar

Then enter the extracted directory. It is recommended to read the README and other description files first, because there may be differences between different source code packages or precompiled packages at this time. Then it is recommended to use ls -F - color or ls -F command (actually I only need the l command) to check the executable file, which will be marked with * at the end.

Generally executed in order. /configure

Do

sudo make installation

The installation is completed.

2. How to uninstall the software package

1) APT mode

(1) Removable uninstallation: apt-get remove softname 1 softname 2 .(Delete the package, which means install when there is a package at the end of the package)

(2) Clear uninstall: apt-get-purge delete software name 1 software name 2. (clear the configuration at the same time)

Clear uninstall: apt-get clear software name 1 software name 2. (Same as above, also clear configuration files)

2) dpkg mode

(1) Removable uninstall: dpkg -r pkg1 pkg2.

(2) Clear: dpkg-P pkg 1 pkg 2;

3. Other commands

apt- Cache search#-(Package search package)

Apt-apt-cache show #-(Package gets information about the package, such as description, size, version, etc.)

Apt-get install #-(Package installation package)

Apt-get install #-(Package-reinstall installation package)

Apt-get -f install #-(Force installation, '- f=- fix-missing 'Install as a repair.)

Apt-getremove #-(Package to remove the package)

Apt-getremove-purge #-(Package removes the package, including deleting configuration files, etc. )

Apt-get autoremove-purge #-(Package delete package and its dependent package configuration files, etc. (Only applicable to 6.10, highly recommended))

apt-getupdate #-Update Source

Update installed packages

Upgrade system

apt-get dselect-upgrade#-use ds select-upgrade

apt-cache dependencies #-(Package understands usage dependencies)

apt-cache depends #-(Package knows a specific dependency, just look at which packages depend on this package.)

Apt- getbuild-dep #-(Compilation environment related to package installation)

apt-get source code#-(pack)

e Download the source code of the package)
apt-get clean && apt-get autoclean # --------Clean the archive of downloaded files && Only clean outdated packages
apt-get check #-------Check whether there are damaged dependencies
dpkg - S filename -----Find which software package filename belongs to
apt-file search filename -----Find which software package filename belongs to
apt-file list packagename -----List the software packages Content
apt-file update --Update the database of apt-file

dpkg --info "Software package name" --List the package name after unpacking the software package.
dpkg -l --List all packages in the current system. Can be used with the parameter less to view in split screen. (Similar to rpm -qa)
dpkg -l |grep -i "Software package name" --View the system and The package associated with "package name".
dpkg -s Query the detailed information of the installed package.
dpkg -L Query the installation location of the installed software package in the system. (Similar to rpm -ql )
dpkg -S Query which software package a certain file in the system belongs to. (Similar to rpm -qf)
dpkg -I Query the detailed information of the deb package, and check whether it is used after downloading a software package to the local Install (take a look).
dpkg -i Manually install the software package (cannot solve the dependency problem before the software package). If you encounter software dependency problems when installing a certain software package, you can use apt-get -f install solves the problem of reliability.
dpkg -r uninstalls the software package. It is not a complete uninstall, and its configuration file still exists.
dpkg -P uninstalls all (but it still cannot solve the dependencies of the software package) Problem)
dpkg -reconfigure Reconfigure

apt-get install downloads the software package and all dependent packages, and installs or upgrades the package at the same time. If a package has the hold (stop flag) set, it will be set aside (that is, it will not be upgraded).
apt-get remove [--purge] Remove and any other packages that depend on this package. - -purge indicates that this package should be completely purged.
apt-get update upgrades the package list from the Debian mirror. If you want to install any software for the day, run it at least once a day, and every time you modify /etc/ apt/sources.list, must be executed.
apt-get upgrade [-u] Upgrade all installed packages to the latest available version. New packages will not be installed or old packages will be removed. If a package changes its dependencies If a new package needs to be installed, it will not be upgraded, but will be marked as hold.
apt-get update will not upgrade the package marked as hold.
apt-get dist-upgrade [ -u] Similar to apt-get upgrade, except that dist-upgrade will install and remove packages to satisfy dependencies. Therefore, it is dangerous.
apt-cache search In the package name and description, search for files containing xxx of software packages.
apt-cache show displays a complete description of a software package.
apt-cache showpkg displays more details of a software package and its relationship with other packages.

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