What is the concept of linux nginx

linux nginx is a high-performance HTTP and reverse proxy web server, and also provides IMAP/POP3/SMTP services; it is characterized by occupying less memory and strong concurrency capabilities. In fact The concurrency capabilities of nginx perform better among web servers of the same type.

1. What is nginx?

I believe that many friends who are learning Linux or already engaged in operation and maintenance have heard of nginx, so what exactly is it? Why is it so popular?

First of all, nginx is a high-performance web server invented by the Russians. It has the function of a web server like early Apache, IIS, Lighttpd, etc., and can publish website code and other resources to provide users with information. Information. However, the function of nginx is not only as a web server, it can also be used as a reverse proxy and load balancing server, and the overall performance is very powerful. It is currently the first choice for enterprises in the web front-end server.

The foreign site [Netcraft News] counts the web servers used by the most popular websites in the world, among which nginx has always ranked first:

At present, most of our domestic Internet enterprise portals also use nginx, including

<p>阿里巴巴开源镜像站-OPSX镜像站-阿里云开发者社区
developer.aliyun.com/mirror/
网易开源镜像站
mirrors.163.com/
清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror
mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
</p>

and so on.

2. What can nginx do?

In the following articles, we will detail the major usages of nginx. Here, let’s make a brief introduction:

2.1 nginx can be used as a reverse proxy:

nginx’s reverse proxy is a very important function of nginx, which can hide the backend server’s quantity, and ensure that the back-end server is protected from attacks. The schematic diagram is as follows:

When a user initiates a request to this website, in fact, the user The request is processed by the back-end real server, and the intermediate server is the reverse proxy server.

2.2 nginx can do load balancing:

nginx’s load balancing is actually an extension of the reverse proxy. When a single back-end server cannot handle the huge front-end requests, it can provide multiple back-end services. Prepare several servers to share the traffic. This is load balancing, also called balanced load. The diagram is as follows:

2.3 nginx can do it Domain name redirection:

Redirection is also a very important function of the web server. Let me give you an example: Suppose your company now has a domain name, and many old users are used to using this domain name to access your website. When a company undergoes a transformation and changes its domain name, it may lose many old users. We can solve this problem through nginxd redirection, just redirect the traffic accessing the original domain name to the new domain name. The actual combat of this technology will be demonstrated through examples later.

In addition to domain name redirection, internal redirection can also be performed. For example, when users access non-existent resources, we hope to provide some guidance information or redirect them to the homepage. At this point, you can write the internal redirection implementation.

2.4 nginx can do dynamic and static separation:

Dynamic and static separation is one of the reverse proxy functions of nginx. It is very powerful and special and is usually discussed independently. Because nginx has a very strong ability to handle static resources and is very efficient. So many times, we will directly hand over the static resources requested by the user to the nginx proxy server for processing, and then proxy the dynamic applications to the backend for processing by the application server to improve the user experience. The dynamic and static separation diagram is as follows:

Nginx has many powerful functions, including caching server, mail proxy server and microservice gateway. Anyone who masters Linux or is a practicing operation and maintenance engineer should learn and become proficient in this powerful service application.

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