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php中get_meta_tags()、CURL与user-agent用法分析_PHP

May 31, 2016 pm 06:15 PM
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本文实例分析了php中get_meta_tags()、CURL与user-agent用法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:

get_meta_tags()函数用于抓取网页中形式的标签,并装入一维数组,name为元素下标,content为元素值,上例中的标签可以获得数组:array('A'=>'1', 'b'=>'2'),其他标签不处理,并且此函数只处理到标签时截止,之后的也不再继续处理,不过

之前的还是会处理.

user-agent是浏览器在向服务器请求网页时,提交的不可见的头信息的一部分,头信息是一个数组,包含多个信息,比如本地缓存目录,cookies等,其中user-agent是浏览器类型申明,比如IE、Chrome、FF等.

今天在抓取一个网页的标签的时候,总是得到空值,但是直接查看网页源代码又是正常的,于是怀疑是否服务器设置了根据头信息来判断输出,先尝试使用get_meta_tags()来抓取一个本地的文件,然后这个本地文件将获取的头信息写入文件,结果如下,其中替换成了/,方便查看,代码如下:

代码如下:

array (
  'HTTP_HOST' => '192.168.30.205',
  'PATH' => 'C:/Program Files/Common Files/NetSarang;C:/Program Files/NVIDIA Corporation/PhysX/Common;C:/Program Files/Common Files/Microsoft Shared/Windows Live;C:/Program Files/Intel/iCLS Client/;C:/Windows/system32;C:/Windows;C:/Windows/System32/Wbem;C:/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/;C:/Program Files/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/DAL;C:/Program Files/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/IPT;C:/Program Files/Intel/OpenCL SDK/2.0/bin/x86;C:/Program Files/Common Files/Thunder Network/KanKan/Codecs;C:/Program Files/QuickTime Alternative/QTSystem;C:/Program Files/Windows Live/Shared;C:/Program Files/QuickTime Alternative/QTSystem/; %JAVA_HOME%/bin;%JAVA_HOME%/jre/bin;',
  'SystemRoot' => 'C:/Windows',
  'COMSPEC' => 'C:/Windows/system32/cmd.exe',
  'PATHEXT' => '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC',
  'WINDIR' => 'C:/Windows',
  'SERVER_SIGNATURE' => '',
  'SERVER_SOFTWARE' => 'Apache/2.2.11 (Win32) PHP/5.2.8',
  'SERVER_NAME' => '192.168.30.205',
  'SERVER_ADDR' => '192.168.30.205',
  'SERVER_PORT' => '80',
  'REMOTE_ADDR' => '192.168.30.205',
  'DOCUMENT_ROOT' => 'E:/wamp/www',
  'SERVER_ADMIN' => 'admin@admin.com',
  'SCRIPT_FILENAME' => 'E:/wamp/www/user-agent.php',
  'REMOTE_PORT' => '59479',
  'GATEWAY_INTERFACE' => 'CGI/1.1',
  'SERVER_PROTOCOL' => 'HTTP/1.0',
  'REQUEST_METHOD' => 'GET',
  'QUERY_STRING' => '',
  'REQUEST_URI' => '/user-agent.php',
  'SCRIPT_NAME' => '/user-agent.php',
  'PHP_SELF' => '/user-agent.php',
  'REQUEST_TIME' => 1400747529,
)


果然在数组中没有HTTP_USER_AGENT这个元素,apache在向另外一台服务器发送请求的时候是没有UA的,之后查了一下资料,get_meta_tags()函数没有伪造UA的能力,所以只能使用其他办法解决了.

后来使用CURL来获取,就获取到了网页,不过使用上稍微麻烦一点,首先伪造UA,获取之后在使用正则表达式分析.

伪造办法,代码如下:

代码如下:

// 初始化一个 cURL
$curl = curl_init();
 
// 设置你需要抓取的URL
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://localhost/user-agent.php');
 
// 设置是否将文件头输出到浏览器,0不输出
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
 
// 设置UA,这里是将浏览器的UA转发到服务器,也可以手动指定值
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']);
 
// 设置cURL 参数,要求结果返回到字符串中还是输出到屏幕上。0输出屏幕并返回操作结果的BOOL值,1返回字符串
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
// 运行cURL,请求网页
$data = curl_exec($curl);
 
// 关闭URL请求
curl_close($curl);
 
// 处理获得的数据
var_dump($data);

希望本文所述对大家的PHP程序设计有所帮助。

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