How SpringBoot implements filtering sensitive words
Filter sensitive words
1. Create a text file that stores the sensitive words to be filtered
First create a text file to store the sensitive words to be filtered
In the following tool class we will read this text file, here is given in advance
@PostConstruct // 这个注解表示当容器实例化这个bean(服务启动的时候)之后在调用构造器之后这个方法会自动的调用 public void init(){ try( // 读取写有“敏感词”的文件,getClass表示从程序编译之后的target/classes读配置文件,读之后是字节流 // java7语法,在这里的句子最后会自动执行close语句 InputStream is = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("sensitive-words.txt"); // 字节流 -> 字符流 -> 缓冲流 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); ) { String keyword; // 从文件中一行一行读 while ((keyword = reader.readLine()) != null){ // 添加到前缀树 this.addKeyword(keyword); } } catch (IOException e) { logger.error("加载敏感词文件失败: " + e.getMessage()); } }
2. Develop a tool class for filtering sensitive words
Develop a component for filtering sensitive words
In order to facilitate future reuse, we write a tool class for filtering sensitive words SensitiveFilter.
@Component public class SensitiveFilter { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SensitiveFilter.class); // 当检测到敏感词后我们要把敏感词替换成什么符号 private static final String REPLACEMENT = "***"; // 根节点 private TrieNode rootNode = new TrieNode(); @PostConstruct // 这个注解表示当容器实例化这个bean(服务启动的时候)之后在调用构造器之后这个方法会自动的调用 public void init(){ try( // 读取写有“敏感词”的文件,getClass表示从程序编译之后的target/classes读配置文件,读之后是字节流 // java7语法,在这里的句子最后会自动执行close语句 InputStream is = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("sensitive-words.txt"); // 字节流 -> 字符流 -> 缓冲流 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); ) { String keyword; // 从文件中一行一行读 while ((keyword = reader.readLine()) != null){ // 添加到前缀树 this.addKeyword(keyword); } } catch (IOException e) { logger.error("加载敏感词文件失败: " + e.getMessage()); } } // 将一个敏感词添加到前缀树中 private void addKeyword(String keyword){ // 首先默认指向根 TrieNode tempNode = rootNode; for (int i = 0; i < keyword.length(); i++) { char c = keyword.charAt(i); TrieNode subNode = tempNode.getSubNode(c); if(subNode == null){ // subNode为空,初始化子节点;subNode不为空,直接用就可以了 subNode = new TrieNode(); tempNode.addSubNode(c, subNode); } // 指针指向子节点,进入下一轮循环 tempNode = subNode; } // 最后要设置结束标识 tempNode.setKeywordEnd(true); } /** * 过滤敏感词 * @param text 待过滤的文本 * @return 过滤后的文本 */ public String filter(String text){ if(StringUtils.isBlank(text)){ // 待过滤的文本为空,直接返回null return null; } // 指针1,指向树 TrieNode tempNode = rootNode; // 指针2,指向正在检测的字符串段的首 int begin = 0; // 指针3,指向正在检测的字符串段的尾 int position = 0; // 储存过滤后的文本 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); while (begin < text.length()){ char c = text.charAt(position); // 跳过符号,比如 “开票”是敏感词 #开#票# 这个字符串中间的 '#' 应该跳过 if(isSymbol(c)){ // 是特殊字符 // 若指针1处于根节点,将此符号计入结果,指针2、3向右走一步 if(tempNode == rootNode){ sb.append(c); begin++; } // 无论符号在开头或中间,指针3都向下走一步 position++; // 符号处理完,进入下一轮循环 continue; } // 执行到这里说明字符不是特殊符号 // 检查下级节点 tempNode = tempNode.getSubNode(c); if(tempNode == null){ // 以begin开头的字符串不是敏感词 sb.append(text.charAt(begin)); // 进入下一个位置 position = ++begin; // 重新指向根节点 tempNode = rootNode; } else if(tempNode.isKeywordEnd()){ // 发现敏感词,将begin~position字符串替换掉,存 REPLACEMENT (里面是***) sb.append(REPLACEMENT); // 进入下一个位置 begin = ++position; // 重新指向根节点 tempNode = rootNode; } else { // 检查下一个字符 position++; } } return sb.toString(); } // 判断是否为特殊符号,是则返回true,不是则返回false private boolean isSymbol(Character c){ // CharUtils.isAsciiAlphanumeric(c)方法:a、b、1、2···返回true,特殊字符返回false // 0x2E80 ~ 0x9FFF 是东亚的文字范围,东亚文字范围我们不认为是符号 return !CharUtils.isAsciiAlphanumeric(c) && (c < 0x2E80 || c > 0x9FFF); } // 前缀树 private class TrieNode{ // 关键词结束标识 private boolean isKeywordEnd = false; // 当前节点的子节点(key是下级字符、value是下级节点) private Map<Character, TrieNode> subNodes = new HashMap<>(); public boolean isKeywordEnd() { return isKeywordEnd; } public void setKeywordEnd(boolean keywordEnd) { isKeywordEnd = keywordEnd; } // 添加子节点 public void addSubNode(Character c, TrieNode node){ subNodes.put(c, node); } // 获取子节点 public TrieNode getSubNode(Character c){ return subNodes.get(c); } } }
The above is all the code for the filtering sensitive word tool class. Next, let’s explain the development steps
There are three steps to developing the sensitive word filtering component :
1. Define the prefix tree (Tree)
We will define the prefix tree and write it as the internal class# of the SensitiveFilter tool class ##
// 前缀树 private class TrieNode{ // 关键词结束标识 private boolean isKeywordEnd = false; // 当前节点的子节点(key是下级字符、value是下级节点) private Map<Character, TrieNode> subNodes = new HashMap<>(); public boolean isKeywordEnd() { return isKeywordEnd; } public void setKeywordEnd(boolean keywordEnd) { isKeywordEnd = keywordEnd; } // 添加子节点 public void addSubNode(Character c, TrieNode node){ subNodes.put(c, node); } // 获取子节点 public TrieNode getSubNode(Character c){ return subNodes.get(c); } }
2. Initialize the prefix tree based on sensitive words
Add sensitive words to the prefix tree
// 将一个敏感词添加到前缀树中 private void addKeyword(String keyword){ // 首先默认指向根 TrieNode tempNode = rootNode; for (int i = 0; i < keyword.length(); i++) { char c = keyword.charAt(i); TrieNode subNode = tempNode.getSubNode(c); if(subNode == null){ // subNode为空,初始化子节点;subNode不为空,直接用就可以了 subNode = new TrieNode(); tempNode.addSubNode(c, subNode); } // 指针指向子节点,进入下一轮循环 tempNode = subNode; } // 最后要设置结束标识 tempNode.setKeywordEnd(true); }
3. Write a method to filter sensitive words
How to filter sensitive words in text:
##After the sensitive word prefix tree is initialized, the algorithm for filtering sensitive words in the text should be as follows:
Define three pointers:
- Pointer 1
points to the Tree tree
- Pointer 2
points to the header of string segment to be filtered
## Pointer 3 - points to
to be filtered Filter the tail of the string segment ##
##Finally: It is recommended to test it in the test class/** * 过滤敏感词 * @param text 待过滤的文本 * @return 过滤后的文本 */ public String filter(String text){ if(StringUtils.isBlank(text)){ // 待过滤的文本为空,直接返回null return null; } // 指针1,指向树 TrieNode tempNode = rootNode; // 指针2,指向正在检测的字符串段的首 int begin = 0; // 指针3,指向正在检测的字符串段的尾 int position = 0; // 储存过滤后的文本 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); while (begin < text.length()){ char c = text.charAt(position); // 跳过符号,比如 “开票”是敏感词 #开#票# 这个字符串中间的 '#' 应该跳过 if(isSymbol(c)){ // 是特殊字符 // 若指针1处于根节点,将此符号计入结果,指针2、3向右走一步 if(tempNode == rootNode){ sb.append(c); begin++; } // 无论符号在开头或中间,指针3都向下走一步 position++; // 符号处理完,进入下一轮循环 continue; } // 执行到这里说明字符不是特殊符号 // 检查下级节点 tempNode = tempNode.getSubNode(c); if(tempNode == null){ // 以begin开头的字符串不是敏感词 sb.append(text.charAt(begin)); // 进入下一个位置 position = ++begin; // 重新指向根节点 tempNode = rootNode; } else if(tempNode.isKeywordEnd()){ // 发现敏感词,将begin~position字符串替换掉,存 REPLACEMENT (里面是***) sb.append(REPLACEMENT); // 进入下一个位置 begin = ++position; // 重新指向根节点 tempNode = rootNode; } else { // 检查下一个字符 position++; } } return sb.toString(); } // 判断是否为特殊符号,是则返回true,不是则返回false private boolean isSymbol(Character c){ // CharUtils.isAsciiAlphanumeric(c)方法:a、b、1、2···返回true,特殊字符返回false // 0x2E80 ~ 0x9FFF 是东亚的文字范围,东亚文字范围我们不认为是符号 return !CharUtils.isAsciiAlphanumeric(c) && (c < 0x2E80 || c > 0x9FFF); }
Copy after loginAfter testing, the development of a tool for filtering sensitive words has been completed. This tool will be used in the next
publishing postsfunction.
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