What does Java's regular expression ?:?=?! mean?
Java 正则?:?=?!的理解
1:解释是否获取匹配并保存匹配的值
()表示捕获分组,获取匹配,()把每个分组里的匹配的值保存起来
(?:)表示非捕获分组,获取匹配,非捕获分组匹配的值不会保存起来,可以提高程序执行速度
(?=?!?
举例说明:
// 是否获取匹配 测试文本 abxoxcd ..(xox).. 匹配 abxoxcd ..(?:xox).. 匹配 abxoxcd ..(?=xox).. 匹配 abxo 获取匹配,一般匹配到了字符之后,该字符就被消耗、输出。不获取匹配,不会消耗字符。 // 是否保存匹配的值 测试文本 AAABBCaaA E666FF (A)\\1* 匹配 AAA、A (\\w)\\1+ 匹配 AAA、BB、aa、666、FF (?:A)(B)\\1* 匹配 ABB 因为非捕获分组不保存匹配的值,所以 (?:A)(B)\\1* 匹配 ABB 第一个\\1表示(B)这个捕获组捕获到的值。 “注意:反向引用表示捕获到的值,而不是再次使用正则表达式” 这里用到了一个新的知识点,反向引用。
1、正则表达式中 “\number” 表示反向引用,表示引用一个捕获组,需要和小括号 “()” 一起使用
2、正则捕获组的下标从 0 开始,下标为 0 的组是整个表达式,下标为 1 的表示从左到右开始的第一个左括号所包含的值,后面的数字以此类推
3、捕获组在匹配成功时,会将子表达式匹配到的内容,保存到内存中一个以数字编号的组里,可以简单的认为是对一个局部变量进行了赋值,这时就可以通过反向引用的方式,引用这个局部变量的值。
4、反向引用必须要与捕获组一同使用,如果没有捕获组,而使用了反向引用的语法,不同语言的处理方式不一致,有的语言会抛异常,有的语言会当作普通的转义处理
2:解释正向预查和反向预查
// 前瞻: exp1(?=exp2) 查找exp2前面的exp1 // 后顾: (?<p> 举例说明:</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">// 正向预查和反向预查 测试文本 abxoxcd ..(?=xox) 匹配 ab ..(?=oxo) 匹配不到 (?=xox).. 匹配xo (?<h3> 加餐</h3><p> 提问:强密码(必须包含数字、小写字母和大写字母三种字符,即这三种字符的组合,且不能使用特殊字符,长度在8-16之间),你认为必须是 1个数字+1个小写字母+1个大写字母 这种顺序吗?</p><p> ^(?=.*[0-9])(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])[0-9a-zA-Z]{8,16}$</p><p> (?=.*[0-9])表示任意字符+一个数字</p><p> (?=.*[a-z])表示任意字符+一个小写字母</p><p> (?=.*[A-Z])表示任意字符+一个大写字母</p><p> [0-9a-zA-Z]{8,16}表示8-16个数字、大小写字母</p><p> 当有多个正向预查规则时它们是并列的,不是串行的</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">测试文本 abc2abc \\d(?=a)(?=b) 匹配不到 \\d(?=a)(?=.b) 匹配 2 当然这是为了演示它的规则,其实可以写 \\d(?=ab) 这里主要的原因是:不获取匹配(不消耗字符)。 对于 ^(?=.*[0-9])(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])[0-9a-zA-Z]{8,16}$ 其实整个正则表示可以分为三部分: /^(?=.*[0-9])[0-9a-zA-Z]{8,16}$/ /^(?=.*[a-z])[0-9a-zA-Z]{8,16}$/ /^(?=.*[A-Z])[0-9a-zA-Z]{8,16}$/ 待匹配字符串必须同时满足这三部分才可以
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