How to design cache in laravel

As the complexity of web applications continues to increase, the use of cache becomes more and more important. In Laravel, caching is designed to be very flexible and easy to use. This article will introduce the basic design ideas of caching in Laravel and how to use it.

1. Caching Principle

Caching is a technology that stores calculation results, network data or other computer operation results in an easily accessible location. Storing data in cache significantly reduces access latency and server load and makes access to data faster and more comfortable compared to fetching data every time from the source.

Laravel provides many cache drivers, including file, database, Redis and Memcached, etc., to facilitate management and caching of data. The most commonly used cache drivers are file and Redis drivers.

When we use Laravel, we usually use caching to improve application performance. Additionally, caching is also suitable for protecting web applications from attacks, specifically protecting them from DDoS attacks.

2. Using cache

It is very convenient to use cache in Laravel. Data can be stored and retrieved using the Cache facade or using cache helper functions. It is important to identify the correct cache driver and select the correct cache identifier, otherwise unexpected results may occur.

1. Configure the cache driver

In Laravel, the cache driver determines where data is stored and which methods are used to store and retrieve the data. By default, the configuration file is stored in config/cache.php, which defines the default cache driver and other available cache drivers.

If you want to change the default cache driver, you can set the CACHE_DRIVER variable in .env. By default, Laravel uses file caching, but this caching is not suitable for high-traffic sites. Therefore, the Redis cache driver may be a better choice.

2. Using cache

Using cache is very simple, and only requires a few lines of code to complete the process of storing and retrieving data.

Storing data:

Cache::put('key', 'value', $minutes);

This method stores the data in the cache and specifies the cache expiration time in seconds.

If you want to store data permanently, you can use the forever method:

Cache::forever('key', 'value');

Retrieve data:

$value = Cache::get('key');

If the specified cache key is not found, null is returned.

In addition, you can also use the has method to check whether the cache key exists:

if (Cache::has('key')) {
    //do something
}

3. Cache identifier

In Laravel, the cache identifier is the key to caching. It is usually a string that represents the uniqueness of the cache entry. When determining cache identifiers, the following points should be considered:

1. Ensure that the identifier is unique. Cache identifiers must be unique because data conflicts may result if two or more cache entries use the same identifier.

2. Make sure the identifier is readable. Cache identifiers should be used that are easy to read and understand.

3. Limit identifier length. The length of the cache identifier should be short enough to facilitate storage and retrieval of the data. For longer identifiers, consider using hashes.

4. Caching practice

When using cache, we need to consider the balance between the real-time and correctness of the data. If we need "fresh" data, then having the data read from the database immediately is the best way. However, if we need to handle a large number of requests, reading data from the database every time can greatly affect the performance of the web application.

Therefore, we can balance performance and data correctness by limiting the expiration time of cache keys. Laravel allows us to delete cache keys when data changes. When the next request comes, the cache key will be re-created and the data will be re-saved for further use by the application.

The following is an example of using caching:

public function getUsers()
{
    $key = 'users';
    $minutes = 60;
    $users = Cache::remember($key, $minutes, function () {
        return DB::table('users')->get();
    });
    return $users;
}

In this example, we will check whether there is a value corresponding to the users cache key. If present, this value will be returned. If the cache key is not available, the user list will be fetched from the database and cached.

If we need to force the cache to be refreshed, we can use the forget method:

Cache::forget('users');

This will delete the specified cache key from the cache.

In addition, we can use the Cache facade or cache auxiliary function to set the cache identifier and cache time.

5. Conclusion

Caching is an important part of data processing in Web applications. Laravel provides a flexible caching system that can help us process data more efficiently and improve the performance of web applications. By using cache identifiers and cache drivers correctly, we can easily achieve scalability and extensibility.

When using cache, you need to pay attention to the correct balance between performance and data correctness. By appropriately choosing cache key expiration times and deleting unused cache data, we can achieve more efficient web applications.

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