PHP technology to implement asynchronous email sending

With the widespread use of email in our daily life and work, many websites and applications need to send a large number of emails. However, in the case of large amounts of email being sent, synchronous sending can cause performance degradation of the website, because PHP must wait for the email to be sent to complete before it can continue to run.

To avoid this problem, you can use asynchronous sending technology to send emails. This article will introduce the technology of PHP to implement asynchronous sending of emails.

Step one: Install and configure the queue system

To achieve asynchronous sending of emails, we need to use a queue system. A queuing system is a system that stores tasks in a queue and processes them in first-in, first-out order.

There are currently many popular queuing systems, such as Beanstalkd, RabbitMQ, Redis, etc. These queuing systems have PHP libraries that can be used easily.

We take Beanstalkd as an example to introduce. To use Beanstalkd, we need to install it on the server first. For installation methods, please refer to the official documentation.

After installation, we need to configure Beanstalkd to set its listening port and other settings. Please refer to the official documentation for configuration details.

Step 2: Write a queue task

Once we have configured Beanstalkd and use it as our queue system, we need to write a queue task to handle the sending of emails.

The queue task should contain the following content:

1. Parameters related to receiving emails, such as recipient address, subject, content, etc.
2. Call PHP's mail sending function, such as PHPMailer or SwiftMailer, etc.
3. Return the results of email sending to the queue system for subsequent processing.

The following is an example:

class SendEmailJob
{
    protected $to;
    protected $subject;
    protected $body;

    public function __construct($to, $subject, $body)
    {
        $this->to = $to;
        $this->subject = $subject;
        $this->body = $body;
    }

    public function handle()
    {
        $mailer = new PHPMailer();

        $mailer->setFrom('me@example.com', 'My Name');
        $mailer->addAddress($this->to);
        $mailer->Subject = $this->subject;
        $mailer->Body = $this->body;

        if (!$mailer->send()) {
            return ['success' => false, 'message' => $mailer->ErrorInfo];
        }

        return ['success' => true];
    }
}

In this example, we define a class named SendEmailJob, which receives email-related parameters and calls PHPMailer in the handle method to send mail. If the email is sent successfully, we will return an array with success information, otherwise we will return an array with error information.

Step 3: Add the mail task to the queue

Once we have written the queue task, we need to add it to the queue in Beanstalkd. This can be achieved by using the Beanstalkd library.

Here is an example:

$job = new SendEmailJob('recipient@example.com', 'Subject', 'Body');
$payload = json_encode($job);

$connection = new PheanstalkPheanstalk('127.0.0.1');
$connection->useTube('emails')->put($payload);

In this example, we create an instance of SendEmailJob and convert it to a JSON formatted string. We then created a connection to Beanstalkd and added the task to a queue pipe called emails.

Step 4: Process the Queue Task

Once we add the task to the queue, we need a process to process the queue task.

This process should:

1. Get tasks from the queue.
2. Parse the parameters of the task.
3. Call the task processing method.
4. Return task results to the queue system.

Here is an example:

$connection = new PheanstalkPheanstalk('127.0.0.1');
$connection->watch('emails');

while (true) {
    $job = $connection->reserve();

    $payload = json_decode($job->getData(), true);

    $class = new $payload['class'](...$payload['args']);
    $result = $class->handle();

    if ($result['success']) {
        $connection->delete($job);
    } else {
        $connection->bury($job);
    }
}

In this example, we create a continuously running while loop, get the task of the queue named emails from the queue, and call How to handle queue tasks.

If processing is successful, we remove the task from the queue, otherwise we put the task back into the queue for future processing.

Summary

The above is the technology of PHP to implement asynchronous sending of emails. It is mainly divided into four steps: installing and configuring the queue system, writing queue tasks, adding email tasks to the queue, and processing the queue. Task.

Using a queue system can greatly improve the sending speed of emails and the performance of PHP applications. It also improves email deliverability by allowing us to handle failed emails more efficiently.

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