Achieve stable and efficient live broadcast function through PHP

With the development of Internet technology, live broadcast has become a very popular entertainment method, which can not only meet people's entertainment needs, but also achieve various purposes such as commercial marketing and education training. If you want to achieve a stable and efficient live broadcast function, you need to rely on certain technical support. Among many live broadcast technologies, PHP, as a popular server-side programming language, can be used to achieve stable and efficient live broadcast functions. This article will introduce how to achieve stable and efficient live broadcast function through PHP.

1. Basic knowledge of live broadcast

Live broadcast refers to the real-time transmission technology through the network, which transmits live video, audio and other signals to the designated receiving terminal, so that users can watch and listen to the video and audio in real time. audio process. The basic concepts involved in live broadcast include video source, push flow, pull flow, transcoding, CDN, etc.

The video source refers to the video content source that the live broadcast relies on, which can be produced from a camera or an existing video file.

Push streaming refers to the process of transmitting the video source to the server through the network, that is, the live broadcast source, which can be achieved through protocols such as RTMP and HLS.

Pulling streaming refers to the process in which users obtain video sources on the server for viewing. Users need to access through the URL link to obtain the video stream in real time.

Transcoding refers to encoding and converting video streams to suit different terminals and network environments. Common encoding formats for video streams include H.264, H.265, etc.

CDN (Content Delivery Network) refers to a content distribution network, which mainly solves network congestion problems caused by network bottlenecks. CDN deploys content on nodes around the world to provide high-speed and stable access experience.

2. Construction of Live Broadcast Server

To build a live broadcast server, you can choose to use the cloud solution provided by a third-party service provider, or you can build your own server. Self-built servers can be deployed according to actual needs to facilitate customized development and management.

The following takes the Linux system as an example to introduce how to build a live broadcast server:

1. Install dependent components such as Nginx, PHP, FFmpeg, etc.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev openssl libssl-dev
sudo apt-get install -y nginx-full nginx-common php-fpm php php-mysql php- cli ffmpeg

2. Configure Nginx to listen to the RTMP protocol and forward HTTP requests to the PHP service

Add the following code to the Nginx configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:

rtmp {

server {
    listen 1935; # 监听1935端口，使用RTMP协议传输流媒体
    application live {
        live on; # 开启直播
        # 访问URL为：rtmp://ip:port/live/channelname
    }
}

}
server {

listen 80;
server_name localhost; # 服务器名或IP
root /var/www/html; # 根目录
index index.html index.htm index.php; # 默认文档
location / { # 网站根目录的访问规则
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string; # 转发到PHP服务处理
    autoindex on; # 显示目录列表
}
location ~ .php$ { # PHP文件的访问规则
    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock; # PHP-FPM的监听地址
    fastcgi_index index.php;
    include fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
}

}

3. Configure PHP service

Modify the following configuration in the /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf file:

listen = /var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock
listen. owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
listen.mode = 0660

4. Start service

sudo service nginx start
sudo service php7.0-fpm start

Through the above steps, you can simply deploy a live broadcast server that supports the RTMP protocol and forwards HTTP requests to the PHP service.

3. PHP realizes the live broadcast function

As a server-side programming language, PHP can realize the live broadcast function through open source live broadcast frameworks such as FFmpeg and SRS. The following takes FFmpeg as an example to introduce how to implement the live broadcast function through PHP.

1. Introduction to FFmpeg

FFmpeg is an open source cross-platform multimedia solution that supports encoding, decoding, processing and conversion of multiple multimedia formats. FFmpeg provides a wealth of command line tools that can be used to push and pull live streaming media.

2. Push streaming example

In the streaming example, the local video source will be pushed to the server through FFmpeg, and then the push address will be obtained through the interface provided by PHP for live broadcast. .

First write a PHP file to obtain the push address:

header("Content-Type: application/json;charset=utf-8");

$channelName = $_POST['channelName'];

$rtmpUrl = "rtmp://ip:1935/live"; // Server address
// Add time to parameters Stamp to avoid URL duplication
$streamKey = $channelName . "?time=" . time(); // Push stream name

$url = $rtmpUrl . '/' . $streamKey;

$res = array("code" => 0, "message" => "success", "url" => $url);

echo json_encode($res );
?>

Then use the FFmpeg push command to push the live stream:

ffmpeg -re -i test.mp4 -vcodec copy -acodec copy -f flv "rtmp: //ip:1935/live/channelname"

3. Streaming example

In the streaming example, the live stream address will be obtained through the interface provided by PHP, and then through FFmpeg Perform streaming processing and output the video stream locally.

First write a PHP file to obtain the live stream address:

header("Content-Type: application/json;charset=utf-8");

$channelName = $_POST['channelName'];

$rtmpUrl = "rtmp://ip:1935/live"; // Server address
$streamKey = $channelName;

$url = $rtmpUrl . '/' . $streamKey;

$res = array("code" => 0, "message" => "success", "url " => $url);

echo json_encode($res);
?>

Then use the FFmpeg pull stream command to process the live stream:

ffmpeg -i "rtmp://ip:1935/live/channelname" -threads 0 -f mpegts -y out.ts

Through the above operations, you can implement simple live push and pull streaming functions.

4. Conclusion

Realizing stable and efficient live broadcast function through PHP can help us improve the live broadcast experience and increase user viewing rate. Through the introduction of this article, I believe that everyone has a preliminary understanding of how to build a live broadcast server through PHP and implement the live push and pull streaming function. I hope to be helpful.

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