golang process analysis

Golang is an emerging programming language developed by Google. It was born to solve the concurrency problem of multi-core computers. Golang has the advantages of simple syntax, convenient deployment, and high execution efficiency. This article will introduce the process analysis of Golang.

1. Process control

In Golang, the syntax of process control is very different from other languages, mainly including if-else statements, for loop statements, switch statements and goto statements.

1. if-else statement

if-else statement is used for conditional judgment. The syntax is as follows:

if 条件语句 {
    // 条件成立执行的代码
} else {
    // 条件不成立执行的代码
}

Sample code:

func main() {
   x := 10
   if x < 20 {
      fmt.Printf("x is less than 20
")
   } else {
      fmt.Printf("x is greater than 20
")
   }
}

2. for loop statement

The for loop statement is an important flow control statement, which allows the program to achieve loop control by repeatedly executing a certain code block. The syntax is as follows:

for 初始语句; 条件语句; 结束语句 {
    // 执行循环体语句
}

Sample code:

func main() {
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        fmt.Println(i)
    }
}

3. switch statement

The switch statement is a control statement used for multiple selections. The syntax is as follows:

switch 表达式 {
    case 值1:
        // 执行case1的代码块
    case 值2:
        // 执行case2的代码块
    default:
        // 执行default的代码块
}

Sample code ：

func main() {
    i := 2
    switch i {
    case 1:
        fmt.Println("1")
    case 2:
        fmt.Println("2")
    default:
        fmt.Println("-1")
    }
}

4. goto statement

The goto statement is used for unconditional jump. The syntax is as follows:

goto label
…
label: statement

Sample code:

func main() {
    i := 0
Loop:
    fmt.Println(i)
    i++
    if i < 5 {
        goto Loop
    }
}

2. Function

In Golang, a function is a set of executable code blocks that can be used multiple times in the program. Functions can take parameters and return values. The definition syntax of the function is as follows:

func function_name( [参数列表] ) [返回类型] {
   // 函数体
}

Sample code:

func add(a int, b int) int {
   return a + b
}

Call this function as follows:

func main() {
    fmt.Println(add(1, 2))
}

The function can return multiple values, sample code:

func swap(x, y string) (string, string) {
   return y, x
}

Call this function as follows:

func main() {
    a, b := "hello", "world"
    a, b = swap(a, b)
    fmt.Println(a, b)
}

3. Concurrency

Golang is a concurrency programming language. It provides two tools, goroutine and channel, to implement concurrent programming.

1. goroutine

Goroutine is the concept of lightweight threads in Golang. It is managed by the Go language runtime system and can easily start concurrent tasks. The syntax is as follows:

go func_name()

Sample code:

func main() {
    go printHello()
    time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
}

func printHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello Golang!")
}

2. channel

channel is a data structure used for concurrent communication, which allows us to environment to deliver data securely. The syntax is as follows:

channel := make(chan 类型)
channel <- value
value := <- channel

Sample code:

func main() {
    message := make(chan string)
    go func() {
        message <- "Hello Golang!"
    }()
    msg := <- message
    fmt.Println(msg)
}

The above is the process analysis of Golang, I hope it will be helpful to readers.

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