How to install, deploy and use nginx on linux

1. Download

2. Deployment

2.1 Installation prerequisites

Installation under linux requires the installation of some components

1. gcc && g++
yum install gcc-c++
2. pcre
yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
3. zlib
yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
4. openssl
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

2.2 Installation

1. 解压nginx文件
tar -zxvf nginx-1.17.5.tar.gz
2. 安装
## 创建一个nginx安装目录
mkdir nginx
cd nginx-1.12.2
## 指定文件安装路径
./configure --prefix=/home/lege/nginx
make
make install
#安装完成后内容会安装到指定的路径 /home/lege/nginx下，否则会在默认目录/usr/local/nginx

2.3 Start nginx

## 修改配置文件
cd /home/lege/nginx/conf
vim nginx.conf
## 设置端口为8080，也可设置成其他
listen    8080;
## 进入到启动目录
cd /home/lege/nginx/sbin
## 检查配置文件是否有问题
./nginx -t
##没有问题的结果如下所示：
[soa@testsoa04 sbin]$ ./nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /home/lege/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /home/lege/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[soa@testsoa04 sbin]$ 
 
## 查询配置参数
./nginx -v
## 对于已安装的nginx需要修改配置参数
./configure --prefix=/home/lege/nginx ...配置参数
make
make install 
然后重新启动nginx即可
## 启动
./nginx
## 停止
./nginx -s stop
## 重启
./nginx -s reload
## 输入网址验证是否启动成功
http://ip:port/

3. nginx log related configuration

日志定义的格式：
语法格式:  access_log path [format [buffer=size] [gzip[=level]] [flush=time] [if=condition]];
           access_log off;
默认值  : access_log logs/access.log combined;
作用域  : http, server, location, if in location, limit_except
 
1. 定义日志格式
语法格式:  log_format name [escape=default|json] string ...;
默认值  :  log_format combined "...";
作用域  :  http
 
常见的日志变量
$remote_addr, $http_x_forwarded_for 记录客户端ip地址
$remote_user记录客户端用户名称
$request记录请求的url和http协议(get,post,del,等)
$status记录请求状态
$body_bytes_sent发送给客户端的字节数，不包括响应头的大小； 该变量与apache模块mod_log_config里的“%b”参数兼容。
$bytes_sent发送给客户端的总字节数。
$connection连接的序列号。
$connection_requests 当前通过一个连接获得的请求数量。
$msec 日志写入时间。单位为秒，精度是毫秒。
$pipe如果请求是通过http流水线(pipelined)发送，pipe值为“p”，否则为“.”。
$http_referer 记录从哪个页面链接访问过来的
$http_user_agent记录客户端浏览器相关信息
$request_length请求的长度（包括请求行，请求头和请求正文）。
$request_time 请求处理时间，单位为秒，精度毫秒； 从读入客户端的第一个字节开始，直到把最后一个字符发送给客户端后进行日志写入为止。
$time_iso8601 iso8601标准格式下的本地时间。
$time_local通用日志格式下的本地时间。
 
示例：
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
           '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$request_time" '
           '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"

For logs Related cleanup can be handled using Linux scheduled tasks. The example is as follows:

clear.sh script is as follows:

#!/bin/bash
#logs_path为日志存放路径
logs_path=/home/lege/data/nginx/logs
yesterday=$(date -d "yesterday" +%y-%m-%d)
keeptime=$(date -d "-3 days" +%y-%m-%d)
#切分日志文件
mv ${logs_path}/access.log ${logs_path}/access_${yesterday}.log
mv ${logs_path}/error.log ${logs_path}/error_${yesterday}.log
#通过nginx信号量控制重读日志，/web/nginx/为nginx安装目录
kill -usr1 $(cat /home/lege/data/nginx/logs/nginx.pid)
#删除3天前的日志文件
rm -f ${logs_path}/access_{keeptime}.log
rm -f ${logs_path}/error_{keeptime}.log
echo 0
 
crontab -e 添加如下：
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /home/lege/data/nginx/logs/clear.sh
 
crontab -l 查看是否添加成功

4. nginx uses it as a file downloader

http {
  server_tokens off;
  client_header_buffer_size 8k;
  client_max_body_size 130m;
  proxy_buffer_size  64k;
  proxy_buffers  8 64k;
  log_format access '$remote_addr $host $remote_user [$time_local] $status $request_length $body_bytes_sent $request_time 0 0 0 - "-" "$request" "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" $http_cookie $bytes_sent';
  access_log logs/access.log access;
  keepalive_requests 16;
  keepalive_timeout 5;
  server {
    listen 8080;
    server_name localhost;
    charset utf-8;
    location / {
      default_type 'application/octet-stream';
      add_header content-disposition "attachment";
      ## 配置可以下载的文件路径,下面是在windows下测试使用的路径，linux也可换成对应的路径
      root  d://tools//nginx-1.17.4//conf;
     }
   }
}

After the configuration is completed, restart nginx, then enter the file name entered in the browser to download the corresponding file. ps: Directories cannot be downloaded, only files can be downloaded.

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