How to use MySQL window functions to achieve list ranking

First, build a test table

create table praise_record(
    id bigint primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(10),
    praise_num int
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

Then let chatGpt generate several pieces of test data for us

INSERT INTO praise_record (name, praise_num) VALUES ('John', 5);
INSERT INTO praise_record (name, praise_num) VALUES ('Jane', 3);
INSERT INTO praise_record (name, praise_num) VALUES ('Bob', 10);
INSERT INTO praise_record (name, praise_num) VALUES ('Alice', 3);
INSERT INTO praise_record (name, praise_num) VALUES ('David', 7);
INSERT INTO praise_record (name, praise_num) VALUES ('oct', 7);

Then we can start to realize our needs: return the list of likes, And return the ranking

rank()

Use the rank() function to return the list of likes, rank() over()

## 注意这里返回的rank字段要用反引号包起来
select name, praise_num, rank() over (order by praise_num desc) as `rank` from praise_record;
+-------+------------+------+
| name  | praise_num | rank |
+-------+------------+------+
| Bob   |         10 |    1 |
| David |          7 |    2 |
| oct   |          7 |    2 |
| John  |          5 |    4 |
| Jane  |          3 |    5 |
| Alice |          3 |    5 |
+-------+------------+------+

When When using the rank() function, the same number of likes will get the same ranking, and the ranking may jump, so the final ranking will not be continuous

dense_rank()

Use the dense_rank() function to return the list of likes, dense_rank() over()

 select name, praise_num, dense_rank() over (order by praise_num desc) as `rank` from praise_record;
 
 +-------+------------+------+
| name  | praise_num | rank |
+-------+------------+------+
| Bob   |         10 |    1 |
| David |          7 |    2 |
| oct   |          7 |    2 |
| John  |          5 |    3 |
| Jane  |          3 |    4 |
| Alice |          3 |    4 |
+-------+------------+------+

The same as the rank() function, the same number of likes will return the same ranking. But the final ranking returned by dense_rank() is a continuous ranking

row_number()

row_number() function returns the list of likes, row_number() over()

 select name, praise_num, row_number() over (order by praise_num desc) as `rank` from praise_record;
 +-------+------------+------+
| name  | praise_num | rank |
+-------+------------+------+
| Bob   |         10 |    1 |
| David |          7 |    2 |
| oct   |          7 |    3 |
| John  |          5 |    4 |
| Jane  |          3 |    5 |
| Alice |          3 |    6 |
+-------+------------+------+

The row_number() function is suitable for use when the returned list only requires serial numbers

The above three functions are all newly added to MySQL8.0, so in older versions such as MySQL5.7 we You can simulate it and learn the implementation principles of these three window functions

Simulation implementation of rank() function

select p1.name, p1.praise_num, count(p2.praise_num) + 1 as `rank` from praise_record p1
left join praise_record p2 on p1.praise_num < p2.praise_num
group by p1.name, p1.praise_num
order by `rank`;
+-------+------------+------+
| name  | praise_num | rank |
+-------+------------+------+
| Bob   |         10 |    1 |
| David |          7 |    2 |
| oct   |          7 |    2 |
| John  |          5 |    4 |
| Jane  |          3 |    5 |
| Alice |          3 |    5 |
+-------+------------+------+

We can use self-joining method to make each score lower than the current Record count of row scores, and finally add 1 to the count value as the ranking of the current row to simulate the simulation implementation of rank()

dense_rank()

select p1.name, p1.praise_num, count(distinct p2.praise_num) + 1 as `dense_rank` from praise_record p1
left join praise_record p2 on p1.praise_num < p2.praise_num
group by p1.name, p1.praise_num
order by `dense_rank`;
+-------+------------+------------+
| name  | praise_num | dense_rank |
+-------+------------+------------+
| Bob   |         10 |          1 |
| oct   |          7 |          2 |
| David |          7 |          2 |
| John  |          5 |          3 |
| Jane  |          3 |          4 |
| Alice |          3 |          4 |
+-------+------------+------------+

The implementation of dense_rank is similar to rank. The only difference is that distinct is added to deduplicate the number of likes, so that the rankings returned for different numbers of likes are continuous

Simulation implementation of row_number

##使用自定义变量得先初始化
set @rowNum = 0;
select name, praise_num, @rowNum := @rowNum +1 as `row_number`  from praise_record order by praise_num desc ;
+-------+------------+------------+
| name  | praise_num | row_number |
+-------+------------+------------+
| Bob   |         10 |          1 |
| David |          7 |          2 |
| oct   |          7 |          3 |
| John  |          5 |          4 |
| Jane  |          3 |          5 |
| Alice |          3 |          6 |
+-------+------------+------------+

We can use A rowNum variable is used to record the row number. The data rowNUm of each row is 1, so that we can get the sequence number we want

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