golang method annotation

Golang is a relatively young programming language. Compared with other languages, one of its characteristics is its emphasis on code readability and maintainability. While ensuring code quality, how to better bring more attention to code comments. Method annotations in Golang play an important role. This article will focus on the relevant content of method annotations in Golang.

1. Document comment format

In the Golang language, method comments are written in the standard document comment format. In GoDoc, each function and data type can be described as a documentation page, on which it displays documentation comments for the code and can be converted into HTML format. Therefore, in order to facilitate reading and maintaining the code, we should pay attention to using standardized comment formats.

Documentation comments in Golang use "/ " and " /" as the start and end of the comment block, where there is no space between "/ " and "", and There is a space between "/ *" and the comment content, and similarly there is a space between " /" and the previous comment content.

Documentation comments in Golang should be written in the following order:

• The first line of comments describes the name of the method and the problem to be solved;
• The second line Blank line;
• The third line of comments describes how to call the method;
• The fourth line is blank;
• The fifth line and subsequent lines provide detailed comments on the method as needed. .

For example:

/**
* @description 该方法用于获取一个人的年龄
*
* @param {string} name - 人名字
* @param {string} birthday - 生日，如1999-10-11
* @return {number} - 年龄
*/
func GetAge(name string, birthday string) int {
    ...
}

2. Label description

The document comment tag in Golang is used to better describe the information of methods and variables. They are prefixed with the "@" symbol. Commonly used tags are as follows:

1. @description

This tag is used to describe the method and is essential in method comments. . Used to describe the problem to be solved, what to do and the return value.

For example:

/**
* @description 获取两个数相加的结果
*
* @param {int} num1 - 加数1
* @param {int} num2 - 加数2
* @return {int} - 两个数相加的结果
*/
func Add(num1 int, num2 int) int {
    ...
}

2. @param

This tag is used to describe the parameters in the method, including parameter name, type and description.

For example:

/**
* @description 该方法用于获取一个人的年龄
*
* @param {string} name - 人名字
* @param {string} birthday - 生日，如1999-10-11
* @return {number} - 年龄
*/
func GetAge(name string, birthday string) int {
    ...
}

3. @return

This tag is used to describe the return value of the function, including the return value type and description.

For example:

/**
* @description 该方法用于获取一个人的年龄
*
* @param {string} name - 人名字
* @param {string} birthday - 生日，如1999-10-11
* @return {number} - 年龄
*/
func GetAge(name string, birthday string) int {
    ...
}

4. @example

This tag can provide sample code to help readers better understand the role of the method.

For example:

/**
* @description 获取两个数相加的结果
*
* @param {int} num1 - 加数1
* @param {int} num2 - 加数2
* @return {int} - 两个数相加的结果
*
* @example
*
* Add(1, 2) // 3
*/
func Add(num1 int, num2 int) int {
    ...
}

3. Comment specifications

When writing comments, you should pay attention to some specifications to make the comments clearer and easier to understand:

1. The first line in a method comment should summarize what the method does. This is usually a single line comment. This line should be simple and clear, but enough to tell the reader why the method exists.
2. It is recommended that information that is repeated with the code should not appear in the comments. Such as method name, parameter name, etc.
3. When describing methods and parameters, be concise but accurate and complete. A single comment line should be enough to explain important aspects of the class.
4. Sufficiently detailed comments should be given for code snippets such as complex queries, data structures, and algorithms.
5. Comments must not contain emphasis, verbosity, spelling errors, etc. that are not related to implementation.

4. Annotation Example

Next, let’s look at an example of method annotation in Golang:

// GetMessageById 方法用于获取指定id的消息
//
// @param id 消息id
// @return (MessageEntity, err error) 如果获取成功返回消息实体和nil；否则返回nil和错误对象 
func GetMessageById(id int64) (MessageEntity, error) {
    ...
}

In this example, the role of this method It is succinctly summarized as getting the message with the specified id. The method's parameters and return value are also described in the comments. When describing parameters, the name of the parameter is used directly without adding a parameter name annotation after the parameter type. When describing the return value, it is described along with the error parameter object in addition to the return type.

Summary

Golang’s method comment specifications are not only very helpful for the readability and maintainability of the code, but also turn these comments into dynamically generated documents through GoDoc, which can make Other developers better understand and use your code, reducing the workload of maintaining it. I hope everyone will develop a good habit of writing annotation specifications in future development.

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