How much concurrency does golang have?

Go language (Golang for short) is an open source programming language developed by Google and released as open source in November 2009. In Golang's design, using concurrency is considered a core feature, and many features to support concurrency are provided in the standard library. Therefore, the concurrency issue in Golang has become an inevitable topic.

So, how much concurrency does Golang support? The answer to this question is not that simple. First, we need to understand the concepts of concurrency and parallelism.

Concurrency refers to the ability of multiple tasks to be executed alternately within the same time period. Parallelism refers to the ability of multiple tasks to be executed simultaneously during the same time period. Although Golang is excellent at concurrency, it is not a parallel programming language. Although it can take advantage of multi-core CPUs, it is not designed to perform multiple tasks simultaneously.

Next, let’s take a look at how Golang supports concurrency. Golang uses a lightweight thread called Goroutine to achieve concurrency. Goroutines are created by the Go runtime, they are more lightweight than traditional threads, have less overhead, and can run in a smaller memory space. Golang also provides a data structure called a channel, which is used to coordinate communication and synchronization between different Goroutines. The introduction of channels makes concurrent programming easier and safer.

In Golang, each Goroutine has its own scheduler, which schedules alternately between multiple Goroutines to achieve concurrent execution. The number of operating system threads (OS Threads) in Golang is equal to the number of CPU cores by default, so Golang can use multi-core CPUs to execute multiple Goroutines concurrently. If you need more concurrency, you can also increase the number of threads by setting the GOMAXPROCS environment variable.

However, Golang does not support unlimited concurrency. Since each Goroutine will occupy certain resources, excessive concurrency will lead to excessive memory and CPU usage, and may even cause the system to crash. Therefore, in practical applications, we need to adjust the amount of concurrency according to specific situations. Normally, a Golang program can support the concurrent execution of thousands or even tens of thousands of Goroutines, but this also depends on the types of tasks and the amount of calculation involved in the execution of the program.

In general, Golang performs well in concurrency, supporting the use of Goroutine to achieve lightweight concurrency, while achieving communication and synchronization between different Goroutines through channels. In actual applications, the amount of concurrency needs to be adjusted according to specific conditions to avoid excessive resource usage and system crash.

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