Golang thread writing method

As an efficient and concise programming language, Golang’s support for concurrency models is also unique. Golang's thread (Goroutine) mechanism, which is designed to improve CPU utilization and program performance, is a major feature. This article will introduce in detail how to write Golang threads.

1. Introduction to Golang thread mechanism

The thread (Goroutine) in Golang is a lightweight coroutine. Its creation and scheduling are very fast, and the stack space of the thread is also very small. , occupying only 2KB, is very suitable for large-scale concurrent programs. Golang's threading mechanism adopts the CSP model, which uses channels to interact with data between threads, so that synchronization and mutual exclusion between threads can be perfectly realized.

Golang’s thread mechanism has the following advantages:

1. Simple implementation: The creation and destruction of threads are automatically managed by the system, reducing the burden on programmers.

2. Thread concurrency safety: Golang's thread mechanism communicates data between threads through channels, ensuring thread concurrency safety

3. Occupies few resources: Golang's thread mechanism uses pseudo Concurrency means that threads will not be suspended due to blocking of a certain thread, thus occupying as few resources as possible.

2. How to use Golang threads

1. Create a thread

In Golang, it is very simple to create a thread. You only need to add keywords in front of the function name. Just go. For example, the following code creates a thread:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    go count(1)
    go count(2)
    time.Sleep(time.Second)
}

func count(id int) {
    for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ {
        fmt.Println("线程", id, "计数", i)
        time.Sleep(time.Second)
    }
}

The above code creates two threads, each thread counts 5 times and prints the counting information. Run the above code in the main function and output the following results:

线程 2 计数 1
线程 1 计数 1
线程 2 计数 2
线程 1 计数 2
线程 1 计数 3
线程 2 计数 3
线程 1 计数 4
线程 2 计数 4
线程 2 计数 5
线程 1 计数 5

It can be seen that the two threads execute concurrently without blocking or other problems.

2. Thread synchronization

In concurrent programming, thread synchronization is a very critical issue. Golang uses channels for thread synchronization and mutual exclusion, that is, to coordinate the interaction between threads through channel sending and receiving. Normally, we can use a buffered channel to transfer data between threads.

The following code shows an example of thread synchronization. Thread 1 and thread 2 respectively initialize an integer variable x. Thread 1 accumulates x. After the accumulation is completed, the result is sent to thread 2 through the channel xChan. Thread 2 multiplies the result by 2 after receiving it, and sends the result to the main thread through the channel yChan. After the main thread receives the result of thread 2, it prints the result:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    var x int
    xChan := make(chan int, 1)
    yChan := make(chan int, 1)
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    wg.Add(2)
    go func() {
        defer wg.Done()
        x = 1
        xChan <- x
    }()
    go func() {
        defer wg.Done()
        x = <-xChan
        yChan <- x * 2
    }()
    wg.Wait()
    y := <-yChan
    fmt.Println(y)
}

Run the above code and you can get the following result:

2

You can see that thread 2 successfully received the x produced by thread 1 value and multiplies it by 2 and sends it to the main thread.

3. Precautions for Golang threads

In the process of using Golang threads, you need to pay attention to the following points:

1. Threads are automatically created and destroyed by the system managed, but when a thread is blocked for some reason, it will affect the performance of the entire application.

2. Although Golang's thread mechanism adopts pseudo-concurrency, when the amount of concurrency is extremely high, the resources occupied by threads will become very large, thus affecting the performance of the entire system.

3. When using Golang threads, you need to pay attention to thread synchronization and mutual exclusion to avoid problems such as data competition and deadlock.

4. Summary

Golang’s thread mechanism adopts the CSP model to interact with data between threads through channels, so that synchronization and mutual exclusion between threads can be perfectly realized. When using Golang threads, you need to pay attention to thread synchronization and mutual exclusion to avoid problems such as data competition and deadlock. By rationally using Golang's thread mechanism, efficient, safe, and concise concurrent programming can be achieved.

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