How to prevent SQL injection in Java projects
一、什么是SQL注入
SQL注入即是指web应用程序对用户输入数据的合法性没有判断或过滤不严,攻击者可以在web应用程序中事先定义好的查询语句的结尾上添加额外的SQL语句,在管理员不知情的情况下实现非法操作,以此来实现欺骗数据库服务器执行非授权的任意查询,从而进一步得到相应的数据信息。
SQL案列
String sql = "delete from table1 where id = " + "id";
这个id从请求参数中获取,若参数被拼接为:
1001 or 1 = 1
最执行语句变为:
String sql = "delete from table1 where id = 1001 or 1 = 1";
此时,数据库的数据都会被清空掉,后果非常严重
二、Java项目防止SQL注入方式
这里总结4种:
PreparedStatement防止SQL注入
mybatis中#{}防止SQL注入
对请求参数的敏感词汇进行过滤
nginx反向代理防止SQL注入
1、PreparedStatement防止SQL注入
PreparedStatement具有预编译功能,以上述SQL为例
使用PreparedStatement预编译后的SQL为:
delete from table1 where id= ?
此时SQL语句结构已固定,无论"?"被替换为任何参数,SQL语句只认为where后面只有一个条件,当再传入 1001 or 1 = 1时,语句会报错,从而达到防止SQL注入效果
2、mybatis中#{}防止SQL注入
mybatis中#{}表达式防止SQL注入与PreparedStatement类似,都是对SQL语句进行预编译处理
注意:
#{} :参数占位符
${} :拼接替换符,不能防止SQL注入,一般用于
传入数据库对象(如:数据库名称、表名)
order by 后的条件
3、对请求参数的敏感词汇进行过滤
这里是springboot的写法,如下:
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Enumeration; /** * @Auther: 睡竹 * @Date: 2023/03/07 * @Description: sql防注入过滤器 */ @WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*",filterName = "sqlFilter") @Configuration public class SqlFilter implements Filter { @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {} /** * @description sql注入过滤 */ @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { ServletRequest request = servletRequest; ServletResponse response = servletResponse; // 获得所有请求参数名 Enumeration<String> names = request.getParameterNames(); String sql = ""; while (names.hasMoreElements()){ // 得到参数名 String name = names.nextElement().toString(); // 得到参数对应值 String[] values = request.getParameterValues(name); for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) { sql += values[i]; } } if (sqlValidate(sql)) { //TODO 这里直接抛异常处理,前后端交互项目中,请把错误信息按前后端"数据返回的VO"对象进行封装 throw new IOException("您发送请求中的参数中含有非法字符"); } else { filterChain.doFilter(request,response); } } /** * @description 匹配效验 */ protected static boolean sqlValidate(String str){ // 统一转为小写 String s = str.toLowerCase(); // 过滤掉的sql关键字,特殊字符前面需要加\\进行转义 String badStr = "select|update|and|or|delete|insert|truncate|char|into|substr|ascii|declare|exec|count|master|into|drop|execute|table|"+ "char|declare|sitename|xp_cmdshell|like|from|grant|use|group_concat|column_name|" + "information_schema.columns|table_schema|union|where|order|by|" + "'\\*|\\;|\\-|\\--|\\+|\\,|\\//|\\/|\\%|\\#"; //使用正则表达式进行匹配 boolean matches = s.matches(badStr); return matches; } @Override public void destroy() {} }
4、nginx反向代理防止SQL注入
越来越多网站使用nginx进行反向代理,该层我们也可以进行防止SQL注入配置。
将下面的Nginx配置文件代码放入到server块中,然后重启Nginx即可
if ($request_method !~* GET|POST) { return 444; } #使用444错误代码可以更加减轻服务器负载压力。 #防止SQL注入 if ($query_string ~* (\$|'|--|[+|(%20)]union[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]insert[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]drop[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]truncate[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]update[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]from[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]grant[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]exec[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]where[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]select[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]and[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]or[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]count[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]exec[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]chr[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]mid[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]like[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]iframe[+|(%20)]|[\<|%3c]script[\>|%3e]|javascript|alert|webscan|dbappsecurity|style|confirm\(|innerhtml|innertext)(.*)$) { return 555; } if ($uri ~* (/~).*) { return 501; } if ($uri ~* (\\x.)) { return 501; } #防止SQL注入 if ($query_string ~* "[;'<>].*") { return 509; } if ($request_uri ~ " ") { return 509; } if ($request_uri ~ (\/\.+)) { return 509; } if ($request_uri ~ (\.+\/)) { return 509; } #if ($uri ~* (insert|select|delete|update|count|master|truncate|declare|exec|\*|\')(.*)$ ) { return 503; } #防止SQL注入 if ($request_uri ~* "(cost\()|(concat\()") { return 504; } if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]union[+|(%20)]") { return 504; } if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]and[+|(%20)]") { return 504; } if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]select[+|(%20)]") { return 504; } if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]or[+|(%20)]") { return 504; } if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]delete[+|(%20)]") { return 504; } if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]update[+|(%20)]") { return 504; } if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]insert[+|(%20)]") { return 504; } if ($query_string ~ "(<|%3C).*script.*(>|%3E)") { return 505; } if ($query_string ~ "GLOBALS(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})") { return 505; } if ($query_string ~ "_REQUEST(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})") { return 505; } if ($query_string ~ "proc/self/environ") { return 505; } if ($query_string ~ "mosConfig_[a-zA-Z_]{1,21}(=|\%3D)") { return 505; } if ($query_string ~ "base64_(en|de)code\(.*\)") { return 505; } if ($query_string ~ "[a-zA-Z0-9_]=http://") { return 506; } if ($query_string ~ "[a-zA-Z0-9_]=(\.\.//?)+") { return 506; } if ($query_string ~ "[a-zA-Z0-9_]=/([a-z0-9_.]//?)+") { return 506; } if ($query_string ~ "b(ultram|unicauca|valium|viagra|vicodin|xanax|ypxaieo)b") { return 507; } if ($query_string ~ "b(erections|hoodia|huronriveracres|impotence|levitra|libido)b") {return 507; } if ($query_string ~ "b(ambien|bluespill|cialis|cocaine|ejaculation|erectile)b") { return 507; } if ($query_string ~ "b(lipitor|phentermin|pro[sz]ac|sandyauer|tramadol|troyhamby)b") { return 507; } #这里大家根据自己情况添加删减上述判断参数,cURL、wget这类的屏蔽有点儿极端了,但要“宁可错杀一千,不可放过一个”。 if ($http_user_agent ~* YisouSpider|ApacheBench|WebBench|Jmeter|JoeDog|Havij|GetRight|TurnitinBot|GrabNet|masscan|mail2000|github|wget|curl|Java|python) { return 508; } #同上,大家根据自己站点实际情况来添加删减下面的屏蔽拦截参数。 if ($http_user_agent ~* "Go-Ahead-Got-It") { return 508; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "GetWeb!") { return 508; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "Go!Zilla") { return 508; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "Download Demon") { return 508; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "Indy Library") { return 508; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "libwww-perl") { return 508; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "Nmap Scripting Engine") { return 508; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "~17ce.com") { return 508; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "WebBench*") { return 508; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "spider") { return 508; } #这个会影响国内某些搜索引擎爬虫,比如:搜狗 #拦截各恶意请求的UA,可以通过分析站点日志文件或者waf日志作为参考配置。 if ($http_referer ~* 17ce.com) { return 509; } #拦截17ce.com站点测速节点的请求,所以明月一直都说这些测速网站的数据仅供参考不能当真的。 if ($http_referer ~* WebBench*") { return 509; } #拦截WebBench或者类似压力测试工具,其他工具只需要更换名称即可。
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