PHP unit testing using PHPUnit

With the development of the Internet, PHP has become a very popular programming language. Many websites and applications use PHP to implement business logic. However, in large applications, it is difficult to determine whether there is a problem with a certain function or method due to the complexity and size of the code. To solve this problem, developers need to perform unit testing to ensure the correctness and reliability of the code. PHPUnit is a very commonly used PHP unit testing tool.

Installation and configuration of PHPUnit

PHPUnit is a PHP unit testing framework that can be used to test PHP-based applications and libraries. It's free and widely used. Here we will introduce how to install PHPUnit.

First make sure you have PHP installed in your development environment. PHPUnit can be installed through composer. The installation steps are as follows:

1. Open the terminal and enter your project directory.
2. Run the command composer require --dev phpunit/phpunit, which will install PHPUnit into your project directory.
3. Confirm that PHPUnit has been successfully installed. Run the command vendor/bin/phpunit --version, and the version information of PHPUnit will be output. If the output is successful, it proves that PHPUnit has been successfully installed and unit testing can begin.

Usage of PHPUnit

For the use of PHPUnit, we take a simple example. Suppose there is an array module with two functions: arraySum and arrayAvg. We need to unit test these functions.

In the first step, we need to create a test class for each function. These test classes should be placed in the tests directory and follow the convention of "function name" "Test" (ie: arrayTest.php).

The second step is to write test cases. We used assertions to verify that the output of each function was correct. The following is a sample test code:

class arrayTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
  public function testArraySum() {
    $this->assertEquals(6, arraySum(array(1,2,3)));
    $this->assertEquals(0, arraySum(array()));
  }

  public function testArrayAvg() {
    $this->assertEquals(2, arrayAvg(array(1,2,3)));
    $this->assertEquals(0, arrayAvg(array()));
  }
}

In this example, we wrote two test cases, one testing the arraySum function and one testing the arrayAvg function. Each test case verifies that the output of the function is correct.

The third step is to run the test. Run the following command on the terminal:

vendor/bin/phpunit tests/

This command tells PHPUnit to run all test cases in the tests directory.

Successfully runs the test, PHPUnit will output the test results:

PHPUnit 5.7.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

...

Time: 49 ms, Memory: 4.00MB

OK (3 tests, 3 assertions)

In this example, we only have two test cases, PHPUnit outputs 1 dot to indicate the success of each test case, and a total of runs 3 tests were run and 3 assertions were verified.

Conclusion

PHPUnit is a powerful PHP unit testing tool that can help developers check the correctness and reliability of their code in a repeatable way. This article introduces the installation and use of PHPUnit, hoping to help readers better understand and use PHPUnit for PHP unit testing.

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