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How to deploy Nginx https website and configure address rewriting

May 31, 2023 pm 12:53 PM
nginx https

1.环境准备:centos6.9主机一台,关闭防火墙和selinux

安装依赖包:yum -y install openssl-devel  pcre-devel gcc

创建nginx用户:

useradd -m -s /sbin/nologin nginx #不为nginx用户创建家目录,没有可交互的shell
tar -xf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.8.0
./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module 
 --with-http_ssl_module
(--with-http_ssl_module指定安装安全模块,部署https网站时必须要安装,/usr/local/nginx目录不需要事先创建)
make && make install
cd /usr/local/nginx
ls /usr/local/nginx
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How to deploy Nginx https website and configure address rewriting

conf #存放nginx配置文件
logs #存放服务日志和pid文件
html #存放网站页面的
sbin #可执行主程序目录
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2.将启动程序做链接放到/usr/sbin/路径下:

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/

nginx命令:

nginx    # 启动服务 
nginx -s stop  #关闭服务
nginx -s reload #重新加载配置文件
nginx -t   #测试配置文件
nginx -v    #查看版本信息
nginx -v    #查看编译选项
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启动服务:nginx

How to deploy Nginx https website and configure address rewriting

通过ip测试网站是否可以正常访问,出现如下页面说明网站配置成功(此时只有一个默认http网页):

How to deploy Nginx https website and configure address rewriting

3.使用openssl生成证书,配置https网站:

cd /usr/local/nginx/conf

openssl genrsa -out my.key        #生成rsa算法的私钥
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How to deploy Nginx https website and configure address rewriting

openssl req -new -x509 -key my.key -out my.crt #生成子签名证书,相当于公钥
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How to deploy Nginx https website and configure address rewriting

修改nginx配置文件,指定证书所在的位置:

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
... ...
server {
 listen 443 ssl;
 server_name www.test.com;
 ssl_certificate my.crt;    #指定证书位置,默认在当前目录寻找
 ssl_certificate_key my.key;  #指定私钥位置
 location / { 
  root /var/www/html;   #指定网页文件根路径,与http网站路径分开,便于区分
  index index.html;
  }
}
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修改完成后重加加载配置文件:nginx -s reload

mkdir -p /var/www/html
echo "ssl test" >/var/www/html/index.html
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How to deploy Nginx https website and configure address rewriting

4.进行访问验证:

http访问效果如下:

How to deploy Nginx https website and configure address rewriting

https访问效果如下:

How to deploy Nginx https website and configure address rewriting

5.配置http地址重写,使客户端访问http时自动跳转到https:

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
... ...
 server {
  listen  80;
  server_name www.test.com;
  rewrite ^(.*)$ https://${server_name}$1 permanent;  #接收到http访问请求时,重定向到https
  location / {
   root html;
   index index.html index.htm;
  }
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修改完成,重新加载配置文件:

nginx  -s  reload

6.再次访问进行验证:

通过http协议访问网页时,会自动跳转到https:

How to deploy Nginx https website and configure address rewriting

如果域名未做解析,请添加hosts记录,将域名和ip对应关系写到hosts文件中。

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