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How to add custom syntax to MySQL

王林
Release: 2023-06-02 15:58:22
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1 背景

MySQL语法解析器用的bison(即yacc)来实现的,而词法解析是自己来实现的,涉及到的token都在文件lex.h里面,然后通过Lex_input_stream 里面相关的函数,解析client的sql字节流(其中会通过提前构造好的hash表帮助快速找到对应symbol,相关代码在sql_lex_hash.cc里面),转换为token,交给bison进行语法解析。

为了给MySQL添加一个新的语法,我们必须添加新的token(如果有新增),以及增加新的语法(sql_yacc.yy)里面。本文以给create table增加一个新的options为例,来演示如何给MySQL新增一个语法。最终的效果如下:

create table t1 (
  id int primary key,
  name varchar(100)
) global_partition by hash(id) partitions 10; //global_partition by为新增语法,global_partition为新增token
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涉及到的修改文件如下:

sql/lex.h //token
sql/parse_tree_nodes.cc
sql/parse_tree_nodes.h
sql/parse_tree_partitions.cc
sql/parse_tree_partitions.h
sql/parser_yystype.h
sql/sql_yacc.yy
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2 新增关键词(token)

文件:sql/lex.h

static const SYMBOL symbols[] = {
    /*
     Insert new SQL keywords after that commentary (by alphabetical order):
    */
    //省略部分代码
    {SYM("GLOBAL_PARTITION", GLOBAL_PARTITION_SYM)}, //注意按照字典序进行添加。
    //省略部分代码
};
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按照上面的格式添加即可

3 新增语法

文件:sql/sql_yacc.yy

该文件为bison的语法,关于bison语法可以查看这里。下面凡是注释标有###为新增部分,没有标的注释是为了方便理解

%token<lexer.keyword> GLOBAL_PARTITION_SYM 1309            /* seancheer */  //### 声明上一步添加的token,声明了才可以使用,编号1309选择一个未使用的就行
%type <global_partition_clause> global_partition_clause //### 声明新增加的数据结构,后面会介绍

create_table_stmt:
          CREATE opt_temporary TABLE_SYM opt_if_not_exists table_ident
          &#39;(&#39; table_element_list &#39;)&#39; opt_create_table_options_etc //最后一个标记在YYSTYPE中对应的是create_table_tail, 后面会介绍
          {
            $$= NEW_PTN PT_create_table_stmt(YYMEM_ROOT, $1, $2, $4, $5,
                                             $7,
                                             $9.opt_create_table_options,
                                             $9.opt_partitioning,
                                             $9.opt_global_partitioning, //### 赋值给对应参数,该构造函数需要新增,后面会介绍
                                             $9.on_duplicate,
                                             $9.opt_query_expression);
          }
        | CREATE opt_temporary TABLE_SYM opt_if_not_exists table_ident
          opt_create_table_options_etc
          {
            $$= NEW_PTN PT_create_table_stmt(YYMEM_ROOT, $1, $2, $4, $5,
                                             NULL,
                                             $6.opt_create_table_options,
                                             $6.opt_partitioning,
                                             $6.opt_global_partitioning, //### 赋值给对应参数,该构造函数需要新增,后面会介绍
                                             $6.on_duplicate,
                                             $6.opt_query_expression);
//partition相关的语法                                             
opt_create_partitioning_etc:
          partition_clause opt_duplicate_as_qe //这里是原生的partition表语法
          {
            $$= $2;
            $$.opt_partitioning= $1;
          }
        | global_partition_clause opt_duplicate_as_qe //### 此处是新增的global_partition语法,
          {
            $$= $2;
            $$.opt_global_partitioning= $1;
          }
        | opt_duplicate_as_qe
        ;

//### 下面为重点,新增的global_partition语法,可以看到,用到了新增的token
global_partition_clause:
          GLOBAL_PARTITION_SYM BY part_type_def opt_num_parts
          {
            $$= NEW_PTN PT_global_partition($3, @4, $4);
          }
        ;
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4 类似于PT_partition添加对应的数据结构global_partition_clause

文件:parser_yystype.h:该文件是bison(yacc)运行的一环,代替bison内置的YYSTYPE的,当bison对相关语法解析后,需要构造相关的数据结构,通过对YYSTYPE的自定义,就可以实现构造自定义数据结构的目的了。添加我们自定义的数据结构代码如下:

union YYSTYPE {
  PT_sub_partition *opt_sub_part;
  PT_part_type_def *part_type_def;
  PT_partition *partition_clause;
  PT_global_partition *global_partition_clause; //新加数据结构
  
  struct {
    Mem_root_array<PT_create_table_option *> *opt_create_table_options;
    PT_partition *opt_partitioning;
    PT_global_partition *opt_global_partitioning; //同时注意添加到create_table_tail里面,因为create table语法会有该操作
    On_duplicate on_duplicate;
    PT_query_primary *opt_query_expression;
  } create_table_tail;
};
static_assert(sizeof(YYSTYPE) <= 40, "YYSTYPE is too big"); //因为struct里面添加了一个成员变量,所以该union需要的空间也会变大,因此注意修改这一行
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下面内容介绍PT_global_partition数据结构,为了保持和MySQL习惯一致,新增加的数据结构放在了

sql/parse_tree_nodes.cc sql/parse_tree_nodes.h sql/parse_tree_partitions.cc sql/parse_tree_partitions.h

四个文件里,理论上可以放在任何地方。可根据自身需求添加对应数据结构:

文件:sql/parse_tree_partitions.h sql/parse_tree_partitions.cc

/**
新增数据结构
*/
class PT_global_partition : public Parse_tree_node {
    typedef Parse_tree_node super;

    PT_part_type_def *const part_type_def;
    const POS part_defs_pos;
    uint num_parts;
public:
    partition_info part_info;
public:
    PT_global_partition(PT_part_type_def *part_type_def, const POS &part_defs_pos,
                        uint opt_num_parts)
            : part_type_def(part_type_def),
              part_defs_pos(part_defs_pos),
              num_parts(opt_num_parts) {}
    bool contextualize(Parse_context *pc) override;
};

//模仿其原生的实现方式即可
bool PT_global_partition::contextualize(Parse_context *pc) {
    if (super::contextualize(pc)) return true;

    Partition_parse_context part_pc(pc->thd, &part_info, false);
    if (part_type_def->contextualize(&part_pc)) return true;

    if (part_info.part_type != partition_type::HASH) {
        //only support hash partition for shard key
        my_error(ER_PARTITIONS_MUST_BE_DEFINED_ERROR, MYF(0), "NOT HASH");
        return true;
    }

    uint count_curr_parts = part_info.partitions.elements;

    if (part_info.num_parts != 0) {
        if (part_info.num_parts != count_curr_parts) {
            error(&part_pc, part_defs_pos,
                  ER_THD(pc->thd, ER_PARTITION_WRONG_NO_PART_ERROR));
            return true;
        }
    } else if (count_curr_parts > 0)
        part_info.num_parts = count_curr_parts;
    return false;
}
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文件:sql/parse_tree_nodes.cc sql/parse_tree_nodes.h

接下来修改create table对应的数据结构,将新增的PT_global_partition添加到create table里面

class PT_create_table_stmt final : public PT_table_ddl_stmt_base {
  PT_partition *opt_partitioning;
  PT_global_partition *opt_global_partitioning; //添加成员变量
  PT_create_table_stmt(
    MEM_ROOT *mem_root, PT_hint_list *opt_hints, bool is_temporary,
    bool only_if_not_exists, Table_ident *table_name,
    const Mem_root_array<PT_table_element *> *opt_table_element_list,
    const Mem_root_array<PT_create_table_option *> *opt_create_table_options,
    PT_partition *opt_partitioning,
    PT_global_partition *opt_global_partitioning, On_duplicate on_duplicate,
    PT_query_primary *opt_query_expression)
    : PT_table_ddl_stmt_base(mem_root),
  m_opt_hints(opt_hints),
  is_temporary(is_temporary),
  only_if_not_exists(only_if_not_exists),
  table_name(table_name),
  opt_table_element_list(opt_table_element_list),
  opt_create_table_options(opt_create_table_options),
  opt_partitioning(opt_partitioning),
  opt_global_partitioning(opt_global_partitioning), //添加构造函数,主要是为了增加对PT_global_partition的赋值操作
  on_duplicate(on_duplicate),
  opt_query_expression(opt_query_expression),
  opt_like_clause(nullptr) {}
  
//在其对应的函数中增加相关逻辑,调用对应的初始化函数contextualize
Sql_cmd *PT_create_table_stmt::make_cmd(THD *thd) {
    if (opt_global_partitioning){
        if (opt_global_partitioning->contextualize(&pc)) return nullptr;
        lex->part_info = &opt_global_partitioning->part_info;
    }
}
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source:yisu.com
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