Implementation of blockchain storage and data structure (written in Go language)

With the continuous development and progress of human society, data has become an indispensable part of our lives. Over the past few decades, we have created vast amounts of data, including text, images, audio, and video. This data plays an important role in our lives, allowing us to work and play more efficiently. However, due to the huge volume and complexity of data, traditional data storage methods may face some challenges, such as data security, scalability, and sustainability. In order to solve these problems, in recent years, a new type of data storage technology - blockchain storage - has begun to attract people's attention.

Blockchain storage is a distributed data storage technology that uses distributed computing nodes to jointly manage and store data. These computing nodes are usually maintained by different people or organizations, and they ensure the security and reliability of data through complex algorithms. Compared with traditional centralized data storage technology, blockchain storage is more secure, transparent and decentralized.

However, realizing blockchain storage is not an easy task. It requires solving many technical problems, such as data structure, encryption algorithm, network transmission, etc. Go language is an efficient, scalable and easy-to-write programming language. It has become one of the preferred languages ​​for implementing blockchain storage. In this article, we will introduce in detail how to use Go language to implement blockchain storage and explore its key technologies and data structures.

1. Data structure

The core of blockchain storage is a linked list composed of multiple data blocks. Each data block contains a reference to the previous data block and a hash of the current data. Hope value. This linked list is called a blockchain, which is a data structure that can only move forward and cannot be modified or deleted. The following is a simple blockchain data structure definition:

type Block struct {
    Index       int
    Timestamp   int64
    Data        []byte
    PrevHash    []byte
    CurrentHash []byte
}

Among them, Index represents the position of the current data block in the linked list, Timestamp represents the creation time of the current data block, and Data represents the actual data of the current data block. PrevHash represents the hash value of the previous data block, and CurrentHash represents the hash value of the current data block. The hash value of the previous data block is the PrevHash of the current data block, and the hash value of the current data block is the CurrentHash of the current data block. In this way, it is ensured that each data block corresponds to the previous data block, thus ensuring the integrity and security of the linked list.

2. Encryption Algorithm

In order to ensure the security and reliability of blockchain storage, a powerful encryption algorithm needs to be used to encrypt and verify the data. SHA256 is a very excellent encryption algorithm that is efficient, safe and reliable. In the Go language, you can use the crypto/sha256 package to implement the SHA256 encryption algorithm, for example:

func calculateHash(block Block) []byte {
    record := string(block.Index) + string(block.Timestamp) + string(block.Data) + string(block.PrevHash)
    h := sha256.New()
    h.Write([]byte(record))
    hash := h.Sum(nil)
    return hash
}

Among them, the calculateHash function calculates the hash value of the given data block and returns the result. Specifically, it converts all fields of that data block into strings and concatenates them together to form a record. Then, use the SHA256 algorithm to calculate the hash value of the record, and finally return the result.

3. Network transmission

Since blockchain storage requires the use of multiple computing nodes to jointly maintain and store data, an effective network transmission protocol is needed for data transmission and synchronization. In the Go language, you can use the net package and the rpc package to implement network transmission, for example:

type Server int

func (s *Server) PushBlock(block Block, result *bool) error {
    // 将数据块加入区块链
    return nil
}

func main() {
    var server Server
    rpc.Register(&server)
    listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":12345")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("Listen error:", err)
    }
    for {
        conn, err := listener.Accept()
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatal("Accept error:", err)
        }
        go rpc.ServeConn(conn)
    }
}

Among them, the PushBlock function is an RPC function used to add a given data block to the blockchain. This function uses a Boolean pointer to represent the result of the operation and returns an error object. In the main function, start the service by registering the Server object and listening to the specified port. Whenever a client connects to the server, use the rpc.ServeConn function to serve it. In this way, data synchronization and sharing can be achieved through network transmission.

4. Summary

Blockchain storage is an important technology, which has the advantages of security, transparency and decentralization. Go language is an excellent programming language that is efficient, scalable and easy to write. It has become one of the preferred languages ​​for implementing blockchain storage. In this article, we introduce the core data structure, encryption algorithm and network transmission technology of blockchain storage, and write relevant codes using Go language. Of course, in addition, there are many other key technologies, such as consensus algorithms, smart contracts, etc., which also need to be further explored and implemented.

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