Home Web Front-end JS Tutorial javascript from() 方法将一个类数组对象转换成真实的数组

javascript from() 方法将一个类数组对象转换成真实的数组

Jun 01, 2016 am 09:54 AM
from js Convert

<strong>Array.from()</strong> 方法可以将一个类数组对象或可迭代对象转换成真实的数组。

from语法

<code class="language-javascript">Array.from(arrayLike[, mapFn[, thisArg]])
</code>
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from参数

参数 说明
arrayLike 想要转换成真实数组的类数组对象或可迭代对象。
mapFn 可选参数,如果指定了该参数,则最后生成的数组会经过该函数的加工处理后再返回。
thisArg 可选参数,执行 mapFn 函数时 this 的值。

你可以使用 Array.from() 将下面的两种对象转换成数组:

  • 类数组对象(拥有一个 length 属性和若干索引属性的任意对象)
  • 可迭代对象(你可以从它身上迭代出若干个元素的对象,比如有 Map 和 Set 等)

Array.from() 方法有一个可选参数 mapFn,让你可以在最后生成的数组上再执行一次 map 方法后再返回。也就是说 Array.from(obj, mapFn, thisArg) 就相当于 Array.from(obj).map(mapFn, thisArg), 除非创建的不是可用的中间数组。 这对一些数组的子类,如  typed arrays 来说很重要, 因为中间数组的值在调用 map() 时需要是适当的类型。

from() 的 length 属性为 1 。

 

from实例:

<code class="language-javascript">// 将类数组对象(arguments)转换成数组
(function () {
    var args = Array.from(arguments);
    return args;
})(1, 2, 3);                            // [1, 2, 3]

// 将可迭代对象(Set 对象)转换成数组
Array.from(Set(["foo", window]));       // ["foo", window]

// Map 对象也可以
var m = new Map([[1, 2], [2, 4], [4, 8]]);
Array.from(m);                          // [[1, 2], [2, 4], [4, 8]]  

// 字符串对象既是类数组又是可迭代对象
Array.from("foo");                      // ["f", "o", "o"]

// 使用 map 函数转换数组元素
Array.from([1, 2, 3], x => x + x);      // [2, 4, 6]

// 生成一个数字序列
Array.from({length:5}, (v, k) => k);    // [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]</code>
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from兼容性解决方法

ECMA-262 第六版标准添加了 Array.from 。有些实现中可能尚未包括。你可以通过在脚本前添加如下内容作为替代方法,以使用未原生支持的 Array.from 方法。该算法按照  ECMA-262 第六版中的规范实现,并假定Object 和 TypeError 有其本身的值,  callback.call 对应 Function.prototype.call 。此外,鉴于无法使用 Polyfill 实现真正的的迭代器,该实现不支持规范中定义的泛型可迭代元素。

<code class="language-javascript">// Production steps of ECMA-262, Edition 6, 22.1.2.1
// Reference: https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-array.from
if (!Array.from) {
  Array.from = (function () {
    var toStr = Object.prototype.toString;
    var isCallable = function (fn) {
      return typeof fn === 'function' || toStr.call(fn) === '[object Function]';
    };
    var toInteger = function (value) {
      var number = Number(value);
      if (isNaN(number)) { return 0; }
      if (number === 0 || !isFinite(number)) { return number; }
      return (number > 0 ? 1 : -1) * Math.floor(Math.abs(number));
    };
    var maxSafeInteger = Math.pow(2, 53) - 1;
    var toLength = function (value) {
      var len = toInteger(value);
      return Math.min(Math.max(len, 0), maxSafeInteger);
    };

    // The length property of the from method is 1.
    return function from(arrayLike/*, mapFn, thisArg */) {
      // 1. Let C be the this value.
      var C = this;

      // 2. Let items be ToObject(arrayLike).
      var items = Object(arrayLike);

      // 3. ReturnIfAbrupt(items).
      if (arrayLike == null) {
        throw new TypeError("Array.from requires an array-like object - not null or undefined");
      }

      // 4. If mapfn is undefined, then let mapping be false.
      var mapFn = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : void undefined;
      var T;
      if (typeof mapFn !== 'undefined') {
        // 5. else      
        // 5. a If IsCallable(mapfn) is false, throw a TypeError exception.
        if (!isCallable(mapFn)) {
          throw new TypeError('Array.from: when provided, the second argument must be a function');
        }

        // 5. b. If thisArg was supplied, let T be thisArg; else let T be undefined.
        if (arguments.length > 2) {
          T = arguments[2];
        }
      }

      // 10. Let lenValue be Get(items, "length").
      // 11. Let len be ToLength(lenValue).
      var len = toLength(items.length);

      // 13. If IsConstructor(C) is true, then
      // 13. a. Let A be the result of calling the [[Construct]] internal method of C with an argument list containing the single item len.
      // 14. a. Else, Let A be ArrayCreate(len).
      var A = isCallable(C) ? Object(new C(len)) : new Array(len);

      // 16. Let k be 0.
      var k = 0;
      // 17. Repeat, while k </code>
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