PHP is a widely used server-side scripting language that can perform array operations in many different ways. This article will introduce our best practices when writing PHP code to help you create more efficient, beautiful, and readable code.
1. Use array functions instead of manual loops
It is best to use PHP array functions instead of manually looping arrays to move, manipulate or modify data. PHP array functions execute faster and have better readability and maintainability. Here are some commonly used PHP array functions:
2. Use named arrays instead of numeric arrays
Named arrays are easier to read and write, and better reflect the intent of the code. Using named arrays also makes code more maintainable because you can reference and manipulate array elements in a more understandable way. For example:
$person = [
'name' => 'John Doe', 'age' => 28, 'email' => 'john.doe@email.com'
];
echo $person['name'];
3. Avoid using global arrays
Global arrays are easily modified by other developers, making the code less readable and difficult to maintain. It's best to avoid global variables and arrays whenever possible. A better way is to use classes and objects, store data in objects and use getter and setter methods to get and set the data.
4. Use multidimensional arrays
Multidimensional arrays can group related data together and are easy to use. Multidimensional arrays can also express nested relationships better. For example, if you are building an e-commerce website, a common construct is to use a multidimensional array to create a shopping cart:
$cart = [
[ 'id' => '1', 'name' => 'Product 1', 'quantity' => '2', 'price' => '19.99' ], [ 'id' => '2', 'name' => 'Product 2', 'quantity' => '1', 'price' => '29.99' ]
];
5 .Use foreach to traverse an array
Use a foreach loop to traverse an array, which is easier and more readable than using a for or while loop. For example:
$names = ['John', 'Sarah', 'Michael'];
foreach ($names as $name) {
echo $name;
}
6. Use isset() to check whether the key exists
Before operating the array elements, it is best to use the isset() function to check whether the key exists. This prevents undefined key errors because the isset() function will confirm that the key exists and make appropriate decisions. For example:
$person = [
'name' => 'John Doe', 'age' => 28, 'email' => 'john.doe@email.com'
];
if (isset($person['name'])) {
echo $person['name'];
}
7. Use array_key_exists() to check whether the key exists
Different from the isset() function, the array_key_exists() function checks whether the key exists and returns a Boolean value. This prevents undefined key errors in many cases. For example:
$person = [
'name' => 'John Doe', 'age' => 28, 'email' => 'john.doe@email.com'
];
if (array_key_exists('name', $person)) {
echo $person['name'];
}
8. Use array_search() to find values in an array
If you need to find a specific value in an array, using the array_search() function can be more efficient. For example:
$names = ['John', 'Sarah', 'Michael'];
$key = array_search('Sarah', $names);
echo $key; //Output 1
9. Use array_flip() to exchange the keys and values of the array
The array_flip() function can exchange the keys and values of the array, which in some cases Can make your code more concise and easier to understand. For example, if you have an array with entries corresponding to options and values, you can use the array_flip() function to convert it into a format where the values correspond to options and the entries correspond to the selected values.
$options = [
'yes' => 'Yes, please', 'no' => 'No, thanks', 'maybe' => 'Maybe'
];
$options = array_flip($options);
echo $options['Yes, please'] ;
10. Use array_column() to get specific columns from a multidimensional array
The array_column() function can get specific columns from a multidimensional array. This reduces redundant code and improves readability, making it easier to understand where the column data is obtained. For example:
$people = [
['name' => 'John', 'age' => 28], ['name' => 'Emma', 'age' => 23], ['name' => 'Mike', 'age' => 32]
];
$names = array_column($people, 'name');
print_r($names );
The above are our best practices when writing PHP code. Using these techniques can create more efficient, beautiful, and readable code. If you are working with large amounts of data, these best practices may also help you improve the performance of your code.
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