As the scale of business systems continues to increase, application performance issues have increasingly become a headache for programmers and system administrators. As one of the most popular programming languages in the world, Java also has rich technologies and tools in application performance monitoring and performance optimization. This article will introduce commonly used application performance monitoring and performance optimization technologies in Java and analyze their advantages and disadvantages.
1. Application performance monitoring technology
JMX is a monitoring and management Java application provided by the Java platform standards and frameworks. Through JMX, applications can expose critical data to JMX clients or administrators to monitor application health and performance bottlenecks in real time. JMX uses MXBeans objects to store and manage monitored objects and properties.
Advantages: JMX is very useful for monitoring large-scale distributed Java applications. The monitoring data of the application can be centralized into a safe and controllable location through the JMX agent.
Disadvantages: JMX requires extensive control over the management of the Java virtual machine used by the application, and there is a certain learning curve.
Java Flight Recorder (JFR) is a Java runtime performance collector that can provide fine sampling of JDK internal information . Java Mission Control (JMC) is a JDK monitoring and performance analysis toolset. JMC converts the event data generated by JFR into a visual form to facilitate understanding of the running status and performance bottlenecks of the application.
Advantages: JFR and JMC provide very detailed performance monitoring data and can be analyzed and visualized.
Disadvantages: JFR data collection will cause certain system overhead to the application itself, and converting JMC data requires a certain understanding of JFR's data structure and analysis algorithm.
Prometheus is an open source complete monitoring solution that is highly maintainable and scalable and supports the direct collection of monitoring data inside and outside the application. Such as CPU usage, memory usage, disk space, network traffic, access logs, etc.
Advantages: Prometheus has rich support for collecting performance data, including HTTP interface, JMX, ExpVar, etc.
Disadvantages: Requires additional configuration and learning costs, suitable for medium and above level applications.
Pinpoint is an open source APM (Application Performance Management) solution that supports Java-based web applications, Apache, Tomcat, MySQL, Redis, etc. Tools for monitoring and debugging popular large-scale open source applications, as well as locating online problems.
Advantages: Pinpoint supports multiple languages and frameworks and can quickly locate application performance problems.
Disadvantages: Pinpoint has a certain learning curve for people who are not familiar with distributed applications.
2. Application performance optimization technology
Thread pool is a technology that improves program responsiveness, latency and throughput. The thread pool will reuse and manage threads, place them in a thread queue, and assign available threads to tasks that need to be performed. The core advantage of the thread pool is to reduce the cost of thread creation and destruction, while being able to better control the number and execution process of threads.
Advantages: The thread pool can improve the efficiency and stability of thread execution, and is very useful for high-concurrency applications.
Disadvantages: If the number of threads in the thread pool is set improperly or a large number of tasks are stuffed into the task queue, the performance of the application may be reduced.
Database connection pool is also a technology that improves program responsiveness and performance. Connection pooling separates database connections from the threads required to perform tasks. When a thread needs to perform a task, it can obtain an available connection from the connection pool and perform the task. After execution, the connection is put back into the connection pool.
Advantages: The database connection pool can directly reduce the cost of creating and destroying connections, and control the server's resource consumption by setting an upper limit on the number of concurrent connections.
Disadvantages: Improper setting of the number of connections in the connection pool or problems such as locks in other programs may cause database connection timeouts and idle waste of the connection pool.
Microservice architecture is a method that splits an application into multiple separate components, each component can be independently deployed, expanded and Management structure. Microservice architecture is suitable for applications that need to handle large traffic and have strict requirements on application response speed.
Advantages: The microservice architecture splits the application into multiple components, which can facilitate the upgrade and deployment of the application and can achieve horizontal expansion.
Disadvantages: Microservice architecture requires a complete technology and management system, and you may encounter some difficulties in integration and configuration.
in conclusion
For a large application, how to monitor and optimize its performance is an important technical difficulty. In addition, application operation, maintenance and performance optimization need to focus on comprehensive thinking and comprehensive consideration. When selecting performance monitoring and optimization technology, you need to consider its scope of application and application scenarios, and continuously adjust and optimize it in actual use.
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