Why does my Go program 'panic' error when executing?

During the development process of Go language, sometimes "panic" errors occur when the program is running. This kind of error will cause the program to crash and bring a lot of trouble to developers. So, why does this error occur and how to solve it?

First of all, we need to clarify that "panic" is an exception error in the Go language. When a serious error occurs while the program is running, such as memory overflow or illegal access to a memory address, the Go language will automatically trigger a "panic" exception to ensure that the program does not error or become paralyzed.

So, once a "panic" error occurs in the program, how should we deal with it? Here are some possible solutions:

1. Check the code logic

In most cases, "panic" errors are caused by problems with the code logic. We need to check the code carefully, especially the parts involving pointers and references. If there are multiple concurrent threads accessing the same variable, concurrent read and write problems may occur, that is, data competition. In this case, you can use the Mutex lock provided by the Go language to avoid conflicts between different threads.

2. Check function calls

Sometimes, when a function is called, a "panic" exception will be caused due to parameter errors or problems with the function itself. We can check whether the parameters of the function comply with the specification, or check whether there is a problem with the source code of the function. In addition, some functions may return "error" type values ​​to represent errors. We can handle these errors to avoid program crashes at runtime.

3. Using the defer function

The Go language provides a "defer" function that can perform some operations before the function returns. We can use the defer function to ensure that the program can still do some necessary cleanup work when an error occurs. For example, if the program encounters a file read or write error, we can close the related file descriptor in the defer function.

In short, the "panic" error is a serious exception in the Go language and will cause the program to crash. But that doesn't mean we can't solve it. We can avoid this error by checking code logic, checking function calls, and using defer functions. Of course, the best way is to avoid "panic" errors as much as possible during the development process to improve the reliability and stability of the program.

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