Security performance optimization tips for Nginx reverse proxy

In modern Internet applications, Nginx is highly favored as an excellent reverse proxy server. But when using Nginx reverse proxy, in order to ensure the security performance of the website, we need to do additional work. Next, let us learn about some security performance optimization techniques of Nginx reverse proxy.

1. Use of SSL/TLS

The SSL/TLS protocol is a security protocol widely used in network communications. By using the SSL/TLS protocol, websites can encrypt data transmission to avoid network security issues such as man-in-the-middle attacks. Nginx supports using SSL/TLS in reverse proxy.

Using the SSL/TLS protocol requires a server certificate and private key. When generating certificates, use a longer validity limit and it is recommended to use an RSA key of 2048 bits or more. In addition, in the Nginx configuration file, pay attention to adding the following statements to configure SSL/TLS protocol related parameters:

listen 443 ssl;
ssl_certificate /path/to/cert;
ssl_certificate_key /path/to/private/key;

2. Request restrictions

To avoid DOS attacks and malicious Crawlers and other malicious behaviors can set request limits for the reverse proxy server. Through Nginx's built-in limit_req module and limit_conn module, you can limit the number of requests and the number of connections respectively.

In the limit_req module, you can set the req_zone storage area and burst parameters to limit the number of requests. In the limit_conn module, you can set the conn_zone storage area and nodelay parameters to limit the number of connections. When setting, you need to pay attention to the selection of parameters to ensure the normal operation of the service.

3. HTTPS redirection

In order to ensure the security of website data transmission, we usually need to force the use of HTTPS protocol. Nginx provides an easy way, redirecting via HTTPS.

In the Nginx configuration file, you can add the following statement:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name example.com;
    ssl_certificate /path/to/cert;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/private/key;
    ...
}

When a user accesses http://example.com, Nginx will automatically redirect them to https:// example.com.

4. Load balancing algorithm

When the number of target servers for reverse proxy gradually increases, we need to consider how to choose the most suitable load balancing algorithm. Nginx provides a variety of load balancing algorithms, including polling, weighted polling, IP hashing, minimum number of connections, etc.

In the Nginx configuration file, you can select the corresponding load balancing algorithm by configuring upstream. For example:

upstream backend {
    ip_hash;
    server backend1.example.com;
    server backend2.example.com;
}

In the above code, the IP hashing algorithm is selected and the request is distributed to the two servers backend1.example.com and backend2.example.com.

Summary

Through the reasonable use of SSL/TLS protocols, request limits, HTTPS redirection, load balancing algorithms and other techniques, the security performance of Nginx reverse proxy can be further enhanced and user experience and services improved. stability. I hope the above introduction will be helpful to you in applying security performance optimization in Nginx reverse proxy.

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