What is the sync package in Go language?

The sync package in the Go language is an important synchronization primitive library. It provides some basic synchronization primitives for coordinating threads' concurrent access to shared resources to avoid race conditions and data competition. In multi-threaded programming, synchronization is a critical task because many threads may modify the same shared resources at the same time, which can cause data inconsistency and program crashes. To this end, locks and other synchronization primitives need to be used to coordinate access between threads to ensure data correctness and consistency.

The synchronization primitives provided in the sync package mainly include locks, condition variables, Once and WaitGroup. Among them, the locks include the mutex lock Mutex and the read-write lock RWMutex, which are used to protect access to critical area resources; the condition variable Cond is used for waiting and notification between threads, and is generally used together with Mutex; Once only performs an asynchronous operation once, Often used for global initialization; WaitGroup is used to wait for a group of goroutines to complete their tasks before continuing execution.

The above synchronization primitives can be operated in simple ways to facilitate developers' debugging and use. For example, Mutex provides Lock() and Unlock() methods to acquire and release mutex locks, while RWMutex provides RLock(), RUnlock(), Lock(), and Unlock() methods for multiple goroutine readers. Fetch and write shared resources. In addition, Cond provides Wait(), Signal() and Broadcast() methods to wait for, wake up a single goroutine and broadcast all goroutines. Once provides the Do() method. Only the first execution will execute the function, and subsequent executions will directly return without execution.

Using the sync package for synchronization operations can optimize program performance and avoid unnecessary competition and conflicts. When writing multi-threaded programs, you need to pay special attention to shared resources that are accessed concurrently, and choose appropriate synchronization primitives and mechanisms for coordination. The sync package provides rich synchronization primitives and simple methods, bringing an efficient and convenient experience to multi-threaded programming.

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