HTTP access control and reverse proxy request restrictions in Nginx

With the gradual popularization of the Internet, many Web applications have been widely used in different environments and scenarios. However, for web applications, security and performance are crucial factors. This article will discuss how to use HTTP access control and reverse proxy request restrictions in Nginx to improve the security and performance of web applications.

HTTP Access Control

Through HTTP access control, Nginx can restrict access to the web server, thereby improving the security of web applications. In Nginx, request restriction can be accomplished using the allow and deny directives. The

allow directive can be used to specify the IP address or network segment that is allowed to access the server. For example, to allow access to 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2, you can add the following directive to the Nginx configuration file:

location / {
    allow 192.168.0.1;
    allow 192.168.0.2;
    deny all;
    # ...
}

The deny directive can be used to specify the IP address or network segment that denies access to the server. For example, to deny access to 192.168.0.3, you can add the following directive after the allow directive:

location / {
    allow 192.168.0.1;
    allow 192.168.0.2;
    deny 192.168.0.3;
    deny all;
    # ...
}

In the above example, all other IP addresses will be denied access to the server.

In addition to using the allow and deny directives, Nginx also supports the use of HTTP authentication to control access to the web server. This can be achieved using Nginx's auth_basic and auth_basic_user_file directives.

The auth_basic directive is used to define areas that require authentication. For example:

location /protected/ {
    auth_basic "Restricted";
    auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
    # ...
}

To use HTTP authentication, you must first create an htpasswd file. This file can be created using the htpasswd command, for example:

htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/.htpasswd alice

In the above example, a user named alice is created, which will be used for authentication. htpasswd will also provide a password prompt for the user. You need to enter the password of user alice and confirm the password.

Reverse proxy request limits

In addition to HTTP access control, Nginx can also control the performance of web applications through reverse proxy request limits. Reverse proxy request throttling means Nginx can set request frequency limits to prevent malicious requests.

Using reverse proxy request limits, you can limit the number of requests for each external IP address. For example, you can add the following directive to the Nginx configuration file:

limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=10r/s;

The above directive will create a restricted area named one, with a limit of 10 requests per second. This restriction will only apply if the requester's IP address is in one's network segment.

To apply request frequency limits on requests to an application, you can use the limit_req directive. For example:

location / {
    limit_req zone=one burst=5;
    # ...
}

The above command will limit the number of requests within the restricted area of ​​zone one, while allowing instantaneous traffic across the burst range. If the instantaneous traffic exceeds the burst limit, the request rate will be reduced.

Summary

In web application development and management, security and performance are crucial factors. By using HTTP access control and reverse proxy request restrictions in Nginx, you can enhance the security and performance of your web applications, thereby improving user experience. Nginx is a popular web server and reverse proxy that is feature-rich and customizable and can be used to meet the requirements of various web applications.

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