Robust security management of Nginx

Nginx is a widely used high-performance open source web server and reverse proxy server, which is widely used by more and more enterprises and developers. However, with the popularization and application of Nginx, security issues have become increasingly important. Nginx's security management not only covers the security of the server itself, but also includes many aspects such as security performance, encryption of the network transmission process, and dynamic protection. This article will introduce the robust security management of Nginx from many aspects.

1. Basic settings

First of all, the Nginx administrator should ensure the basic security settings of the Nginx service. Covers the following aspects:

1) Turn off unnecessary modules

Each module of Nginx may have vulnerabilities. The more modules that are turned on, the greater the threat to security, so , administrators should only leave necessary modules and close unnecessary modules.

2) Prevent the server from being attacked

In response to known attack methods and vulnerabilities, administrators need to regularly update and upgrade software and systems such as Nginx, firewalls, and operating systems to ensure that the server is always up to date. Version.

3) Account and password security

Nginx administrators should set complex random passwords for system administrators and require administrators to change their passwords according to best practices.

2. Encryption during network transmission

Encrypted content during transmission is very important. During network transmission, encryption is the most important means to prevent communications from being eavesdropped and intruded. The Nginx service recommends using the following methods to ensure encryption during the transmission process:

1) SSL/TLS protocol

SSL and TLS are the basis of today's Internet transport layer security protocols. Therefore, it is recommended to use the SSL/TLS protocol to encrypt the transmission process of the Nginx service to prevent hackers from stealing sensitive data by intercepting packets.

2) HTTPS

Under the premise of using SSL/TLS protocol, Nginx service uses HTTPS instead of HTTP protocol. HTTPS provides complete, end-to-end encryption for client connections. Even if the middleman successfully steals the data packet, it cannot obtain the real plaintext data, avoiding the risk of data leakage.

3) Excellent SSL/TLS certificate management and replacement

Select an excellent SSL/TLS certificate, and perform reasonable certificate configuration and update to ensure that the certificate is valid for several years, Nginx service The security of the transmission process has also been greatly guaranteed.

3. Cache management

Cache management is also a security measure that cannot be ignored. There are two aspects of caching that need to be paid attention to:

1) Cleaning the cache

HttpRequest cache has good performance optimization for the addition, deletion, modification and checking of some information. However, since the HttpRequest cache may live for a long time, after the data is updated, the original request will still display outdated cache data, so it is recommended to clean the cache regularly.

2) Prevent cache penetration attacks

A cache penetration attack is a request that is sent by maliciously processing non-existent cache data, so that the request directly penetrates to the back-end service. Causes huge consumption of back-end resources. Nginx service can use BloomFilter technology to prevent cache penetration attacks.

4. Dynamic protection

Dynamic protection is an important means for Nginx service security. When implementing dynamic protection, you can use the following methods:

1) Install WAF

Nginx service can integrate Web application firewall (WAF), which can be used to detect and defend against common Web application attacks (such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting XSS).

2) Detect and prevent DDoS attacks

DDoS attacks are one of the most serious threats to website business. Nginx can use software and mechanisms to limit and prevent DDoS attacks, such as CDN, DoS suspicious IP blocking, etc.

5. Log management

Log management is also an important Nginx service security management method. Logging can not only be used for auditing, but can also be used to quickly discover security issues and respond and handle them in advance. The following are the points that need to be paid attention to in log management:

1) Security log management

The storage log of Nginx service should be recorded according to the highest security level. If there are suspicious actions or security vulnerabilities, it should be recorded Record it for subsequent analysis and tracking.

2) Automated log volume monitoring

An automated system should be established to monitor log volume in real time to facilitate the discovery of abnormal events and handle them as soon as possible to prevent frequent security incidents. occur.

In short, Nginx is a web server with high performance and high security. Ensuring security measures at different levels such as basic security settings for system management, encrypted transmission processes, cache management, dynamic protection and log management can greatly improve the security of Nginx business and protect the security of corporate and personal data.

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