Multi-port access control policy in Nginx reverse proxy

Nginx is a widely used reverse proxy server and a lightweight web server. Under the reverse proxy architecture, Nginx plays the role of an intermediary between the request and the client, used to solve server load balancing, caching, security and other issues. When applying Nginx reverse proxy, it provides the team with more choices for the server architecture and can quickly respond to changes and business needs.

In the process of using Nginx reverse proxy, multi-port access control has become an increasingly important issue. This article will introduce in detail the role and implementation method of multi-port access control policy in Nginx reverse proxy.

1. Multi-port access control strategy of Nginx reverse proxy

In Nginx reverse proxy, multi-port access control means that different services select different ports for access control. By controlling access to different ports, access at different levels can be restricted to ensure the security and reliability of access.

Specifically, the multi-port access control strategy of Nginx reverse proxy can be divided into two aspects: one is the port selection strategy, and the other is the access control strategy. Among them, the port selection strategy mainly selects ports according to the needs of different services; the access control strategy restricts access based on certain rules and strategies.

2. Port selection strategy

For different services, different ports need to be selected. Generally speaking, Nginx reverse proxy is used in fields such as web services and file download services, and different ports need to be selected for access control.

1. Port selection principles

When selecting ports, there are the following principles:

(1) Put different services on different ports

(2) Select different ports according to different service needs

(3) Select ports according to the load, security, etc. of different services

2. Port configuration method

When using Nginx reverse proxy, you need to define different ports in the configuration file. In the default configuration file nginx.conf, there is the following code:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    root /var/www/html;
}

Among them, listen 80 means the port is 80. The port number can be changed according to the needs, for example: listen 90.

3. Access control policy

The port selection policy determines the port, while the access control policy restricts access. According to the access control policy, unified access control can be carried out for different users and IPs.

1. IP-based access control

IP-based access control restricts access to different IPs. When a client accesses from an IP address, the Nginx reverse proxy uses the IP address to determine whether to allow access to the IP. In the Nginx configuration file, IP-based access control can be implemented through the following code:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    location / {
        allow 192.168.0.1/24;
        allow 192.168.1.1/24;
        deny all;
        proxy_pass http://backend;
    }
}

Among them, allow indicates the IP that is allowed to access, and the IP address is in CIDR format; deny indicates that access is prohibited. In the above code, the IPs allowed to be accessed are 192.168.0.1/24 and 192.168.1.1/24.

2. User-based access control

User-based access control determines whether to allow access based on the user's login information. When a user accesses the service through the Nginx reverse proxy, Nginx verifies the user's login status before deciding whether to allow access.

To implement user-based access control in Nginx, a third-party module AuthRequest is required. The following is an Nginx configuration file based on AuthRequest:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    location / {
        auth_request /auth;
        proxy_pass http://backend;
    }

    location = /auth {
        proxy_pass http://auth_backend;
        proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri;
        proxy_set_header X-Original-Remote-Addr $remote_addr;
    }
}

In the above code, the AuthRequest module is used to verify the user's login status, proxy_pass is used to forward the request to the back-end service, and proxy_set_header is used to set the request header information.

4. Summary

Nginx reverse proxy can ensure the security and reliability of access through multi-port access control policies. In the port selection strategy, different ports need to be selected according to the needs of different services; in the access control strategy, IP-based access control and user-based access control can be used to restrict access. In addition, the access control policy of Nginx reverse proxy can also be set in other ways. In actual applications, it needs to be selected and adapted as needed.

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