Nginx security protection strategies and techniques

As network security issues continue to escalate, many website administrators are paying more and more attention to the security of web servers. Nginx is a very popular and widely used web server that is often used to proxy and load balance web applications. In this article, we will explore some Nginx security strategies and tips to help administrators protect their web servers from attacks.

1. Update Nginx version regularly

The latest version of Nginx often contains patches for known security vulnerabilities, so regularly updating Nginx version is a simple but very effective ways to reduce the risk of attacks. Administrators should pay attention to the latest patches released by Nginx and install them as soon as possible to avoid the exploitation of known vulnerabilities.

2. Adjust request limits

Nginx default configuration can make many servers extremely vulnerable to attacks. For example, an attacker could exhaust server resources by sending a large number of requests, or exploit some of Nginx's features that can be used to remotely interpret code to execute malicious code. To prevent this attack, we can reduce the attacker's impact on the web server by adjusting Nginx's request limits.

• For HTTP requests, the connection rate and request frequency can be controlled through Nginx's limit_req and limit_conn modules.
• For HTTPS requests, an SSL certificate can be used to authenticate the client and limit the connection rate.
• For requests that contain bad requests and illegal characters, you can use parameters such as client_max_body_size, client_body_buffer_size, and client_header_buffer_size to limit the request size and header file size. .

3. Enable access control

The main purpose of a web server is to provide services to the public, so most Nginx websites need to make their content accessible. However, administrators still need to restrict access to some sensitive information, such as personally identifiable information such as medical records. To protect sensitive data and servers, you can enable access control using the following methods:

• In the Nginx configuration, use the deny and allow directives to restrict illegal access IP address.
• Enable basic authentication to request a username and password from the user before allowing access to the operation.
• Use an SSL certificate to allow only clients with valid certificates to access the website.

4. Using Web Firewall

Web firewall can intercept and filter web traffic, identify and block malicious traffic and attacks. When malicious traffic is identified, the web firewall can deny connections and defend against various attacks, such as DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) and SQL injection attacks. Some popular cloud-based web firewalls include Cloudflare, Incapsula, and Akamai, and these services can be easily integrated into Nginx and web applications.

5. Prohibit Server Information Leakage

By default, Nginx will send information containing the server version, operating system version and web application version number, which allows attackers to Easily identify web server weaknesses and vulnerabilities. To prevent this, administrators can take the following measures:

• Use the server_tokens directive to limit information leakage.
• Disable Nginx version information or custom error pages in error pages.
• Suppress display of server information in response headers.

In short, there are many benefits to using Nginx as a web server, but it also means that administrators must take some measures to protect their web servers from attacks. These Nginx security protection strategies and tips we provide are some effective methods that can help administrators maintain server security and prevent attackers from damaging the web server.

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